被動(dòng)語態(tài)有哪些正確的使用方法
被動(dòng)語態(tài)有哪些正確的使用方法
被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用方法非常重要。以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡!
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be 過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：
1) am/is/are done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般過去時(shí)
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 過去完成時(shí)
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 將來完成時(shí)(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be 過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞 介詞”，“動(dòng)詞 副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
v. ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不僅要知道被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 為了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一個(gè)主語就夠了)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞。
The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3 當(dāng)"動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語"結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如"動(dòng)詞+介詞"，"動(dòng)詞+副詞"等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
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