什么是否定句否定句的分類(2)
否定句的形式與用法
動詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
1.形式上否定主句的謂語,實(shí)際上是否定從句的謂語
當(dāng)動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”的主語是第一人稱,謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時,它們的否定式實(shí)際上是對賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如:
I think that he will help us.——I don’t think that he will help us.
我認(rèn)為它不會幫助我們。
I believe that he is right.——I don’t believe that he is right.
我認(rèn)為他不對。
I suppose that he likes it.——I don’t suppose that he likes it.
我想他不喜歡它。
2. 形式上否定謂語動詞,實(shí)際上否定復(fù)合賓語
當(dāng)動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”、“find”的主語是第一人稱、謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時,它們前面的否定式實(shí)際上是對復(fù)合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如:
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult.
我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不難。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting.
我認(rèn)為這個故事沒有趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so.
我認(rèn)為不會。
注意:動詞“think”、“believe”、“suppose”、“imagine”、“expect”、“feel”在下列情況下,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移:
(1)這些動詞跟其他另一個動詞一起做并列謂語時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
I believe and hope he won’t do that.
我相信并且也希望他將不會那樣做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish.
我覺得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。
(2)用于疑問句時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
Do you think it is not going to rain?
你認(rèn)為天不會下雨嗎?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing?
難道你不相信他做了一件好事?
(3)用作插入語時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you.
我想李蕾不會生你的氣。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it.
我猜想湯姆不會反對。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film.
我認(rèn)為邁克沒有看這場電影。
(4)動詞前有其他副詞修飾時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now.
我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing.
我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。
(5)動詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時或主語不是第一人稱時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.
我原以為他不會回來得這么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy.
她不相信它變成了一個好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job.
他認(rèn)為他不適合這件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true.
他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。
(6)當(dāng)賓語從句中含的否定為“not……at all”、“not a little”、“not a few”、“not enough”、“can’t help”等固定搭配時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
I think that he doesn’t know it at all.
我想他對那一點(diǎn)也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well.
我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語言學(xué)好,那么只記單詞是不夠的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games.
我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會上獲得第一名時你會情不自禁地唱起國歌來。
(7)當(dāng)賓語從句中含“no”、“nothing”、“nobody”、“nowhere”、“hardly”、“seldom”、“little”、“few”等否定詞或半否詞時,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:
I believe that nothing can make me give it up.
我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea.
我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話,那么誰也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words.
我猜想他是一個言語不多的人。
謂語的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
有些句子形式上否定謂語動詞,實(shí)際上是對句子后面狀語進(jìn)行否定。如:
Let’s not talk about it here.
我們別在這里談吧。
Don’t read in the sun.
不要在陽光下看書。
Don’t talk with your mouth full of food.
不要口里含著食物說話。
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