在英語(yǔ)里什么是同位語(yǔ)
同位語(yǔ),代表一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾,限定或說(shuō)明。同位語(yǔ)與被它限定的詞的格要一致,并常常緊挨在一起。
例句
⒈由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語(yǔ)言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu),其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ)。
Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
我們的新老師史密斯先生對(duì)我們很好。
our new teacher是主詞Mr. Smith的同位語(yǔ),指同一人。
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友湯姆。
a friend of my brother's是受詞Tom的同位語(yǔ),指同一人。
?、踩缤徽Z(yǔ)與其同位成分關(guān)系緊密時(shí)不用逗點(diǎn)隔開(kāi);如同位語(yǔ)對(duì)其同位成分只作補(bǔ)充解釋時(shí)可用逗點(diǎn)隔開(kāi)。
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人對(duì)我講,他的兄長(zhǎng)約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。
himself和John都是單一的字作同位語(yǔ),與其同位成分之間不用逗點(diǎn)隔開(kāi)。
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr. James.
昨天我與我的英語(yǔ)老師詹姆斯先生談過(guò)了。
同位語(yǔ)Mr. James補(bǔ)充解釋my English teacher,同位語(yǔ)與其同位成分之間可用逗點(diǎn)隔開(kāi)。
?、惩徽Z(yǔ)除表示其同位成分的全部意義外,還可以表示部分意義。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我們中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
他喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng),特別是球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)。
同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事實(shí)),belief (信 仰),news(消息),idea(主意;觀念),promise(承諾),information(信息),conclusion(結(jié)論),order(命令), suggestion(建議),problem(問(wèn)題),thought (想法)等后面。例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意:that 既可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句又可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,其區(qū)別在于:同位語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo),連接詞that本身無(wú)意義,在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他詞替代;定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞that在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,由when,why,where引導(dǎo)的 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于:同位語(yǔ)從句由連接副詞只起連接作用,沒(méi)有指代作用; 定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系副詞具有指代先行詞的作用,常用一個(gè)介詞加關(guān)系代詞替換。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定語(yǔ)從句,when關(guān)系副詞) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定語(yǔ)從句,which/that為關(guān)系代詞) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定語(yǔ)從句,where為關(guān)系副詞) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定語(yǔ)從句,which為關(guān)系代詞)