英語疑問句語法解析

　　英語疑問句語法解析：反義疑問句的回答及特殊情況

　　對(duì)反意疑問句的回答，無論問題的提法如何，如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes，事實(shí)是否定的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問句部分用肯定式提問時(shí)，回答yes或no與漢語正好相反。這種省略回答的yes要譯成“不”，no要譯成“是”。

　　例：—He likes playing football, doesn't he? 他喜歡踢足球，是嗎?

　　—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 是的。/ 不是。

　　—His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹沒有參加會(huì)議，是嗎?

　　—Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 不，她參加了。/ 是的，她沒參加。

　　簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)反意疑問句19條：

　　1) 陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 aren't I.

　　I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

　　2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。

　　I wish to have a word with you, may I?

　　3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定含義。

　　The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

　　Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?

　　4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。

　　He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

　　5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。

　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

　　6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí)，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。

　　He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

　　7) 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?

　　You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

　　8) 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。

　　He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

　　9) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。

　　You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

　　10) 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。

　　He must be a doctor, isn't he?

　　You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

　　11) 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。

　　What colours, aren't they?

　　What a smell, isn't it?

　　12) 陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時(shí)，疑問部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。

　　Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

　　13) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。

　　Everything is ready, isn't it?

　　14)陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部分有三種情況：

　　a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。

　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

　　b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：

　　He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

　　He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

　　c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。

　　I don't think he is bright, is he?

　　We believe she can do it better, can't she?

　　15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。

　　Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)

　　Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

　　16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。

　　We need not do it again, need we ?

　　He dare not say so, dare you?

　　當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語。

　　She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

　　17) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。

　　Don't do that again, will you?

　　Go with me, will you / won't you ?

　　注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we?

　　Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you?

　　Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

　　18) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。

　　There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

　　There will not be any trouble, will there?

　　19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。

　　It is impossible, isn't it?

　　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

　　英語疑問句語法解析：反意疑問句的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)一：肯定的陳述句 + 否定的簡(jiǎn)短問句?

　　It's Monday today, isn't it? 今天星期一，是嗎?

　　He often goes to school by bike, doesn't he? 他常常騎自行車上學(xué)，對(duì)嗎?

　　They went to the park yesterday, didn't they? 他們昨天去的公園，是嗎?

　　用法說明：前面陳述部分是肯定形式，后面簡(jiǎn)短問句用否定形式。簡(jiǎn)短問句的主謂部分通常由陳述部分的主謂語來決定，即人稱一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致。

　　對(duì)于反意疑問句的回答，總的一個(gè)原則是：不管問題的提法如何，只要事實(shí)上是肯定的，就用 yes 回答，事實(shí)上是否定的，就用 no回答。但當(dāng)陳述部分是否定句時(shí)，回答譯成漢語時(shí)不一樣。這與漢語截然不同，應(yīng)特別注意。如：

　　—You don't want to go out, do you? 你不想出去，對(duì)吧?

　　—Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 不，我想出去。/ 對(duì)，我不想出去。

　　結(jié)構(gòu)二：否定的陳述句 + 肯定定的簡(jiǎn)短問句?

　　That isn't your book, is it? 那不是你的書，是嗎?

　　Jim doesn't speak French, does he? 吉姆不會(huì)說法語，對(duì)嗎?

　　用法說明：當(dāng)陳述部分有 hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等否定詞時(shí)，疑問部分要用肯定形式。如：

　　He never said she would come, did he? 他從來沒說她會(huì)來，是嗎?

　　Nobody can answer the question, can they? 沒有人能回答這個(gè)問題，是嗎?

　　Few people know about it, do they? 幾乎沒有人知道有關(guān)這件事情，是嗎?

　　You have never seen the film, have you? 你從來沒看過這部電影，是嗎?

　　Neither you nor I can work it out, can we? 你我都不能算出它，對(duì)嗎?

　　結(jié)構(gòu)三：祈使句 + 簡(jiǎn)短問句?

　　Stop talking, will you? 停止講話，好嗎?

　　Pass me the pen, will you / won't you? 把這支鋼筆傳給我，好嗎?

　　Don't be late again, will you? 不要再遲到了，行嗎?

　　Let us help you, will you? 讓我們幫助你，好嗎?

　　Let's have a rest, shall we? 咱們休息一會(huì)兒，行嗎?

　　用法說明：

　　1. 祈使句的反意疑問句，若前面是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則附加問句只能用 will you。若前面是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問句用 will you，也可用 won't / would / can / can't you 或 shall we 等，它形式上是反意疑問句，但并不表示正式的疑問句，也不表示反意，而是表示邀請(qǐng)或表示請(qǐng)求。如：

　　Close all the windows, will you / won't you? 把所有的窗戶都關(guān)上，好嗎?

　　Don't go to the park by bus, will you? 別乘公共汽車去公園，好嗎?

　　2. let's 用于提出建議并包括對(duì)方時(shí)，其附加問句用 shall we。let us 表示征求對(duì)方許可，其附加問句用 will you。let + 第三人稱時(shí)，其附加問句用 will you。這種反意疑問句往往用來表示進(jìn)一步征求對(duì)方的意見，使口氣變得客氣、委婉一些。如：

　　Let's go to see the pandas, shall we? 咱們首先去看熊貓，好嗎?

　　Let us wait until 5:00, will you? 讓我們等到5點(diǎn)，好嗎?

　　英語疑問句語法解析：包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問句

　　1. 基本原則

　　在通常情況下，當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問句會(huì)重復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

　　The boy can read and write, can't he? 這男孩會(huì)讀寫，是嗎?

　　We shouldn't help him, should we? 我們不應(yīng)該幫助他，對(duì)嗎?

　　You couldn't lend me any money, could you? 你不會(huì)借錢給我，對(duì)嗎?

　　2. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有must時(shí)

　　要分兩種情況：

　　(1) 若must表示“必須”或“有必要”，反意疑問句用 mustn't 或needn't：

　　You must leave at once, mustn't [needn't] you? 他必須(有必要)馬上離開，是嗎?

　　但是若陳述部分有mustn't表示禁止，反意疑問句要must：

　　You mustn't laugh, must you? 你不準(zhǔn)笑，知道嗎?

　　(2) 若must表示推測(cè)，反意疑問句不能用must，而應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式：

　　He must be tired, isn't he? 他一定累了，是嗎?

　　He must have read it, hasn't [didn't] he? 他一定讀過它，是嗎?

　　He must have left yesterday, didn't he? 他昨天一定走了，是嗎?

　　【注】當(dāng)陳述部分為“must+完成式”時(shí)，反意疑問句可用have (has)，也可用did。但若句中出現(xiàn)了過去時(shí)間狀語，則通常用did。(如上例所示)

　　3. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 may 時(shí)

　　反意疑問句根據(jù)情況可用mayn't, mightn't, won't等：

　　I may leave now, mayn't I? 我可以走了，行嗎?

　　He may be here next week, mightn't [won't] he? 他下星期可能來這里，是嗎?

　　4. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有needn't時(shí)

　　反意疑問句通常用need，有時(shí)也用must：

　　We needn't tell him, need [must] we? 我們不必告訴他，對(duì)嗎?

　　5. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有ought to時(shí)

　　反意疑問句在英國(guó)英語中用ought to，在美國(guó)英語中用should：

　　We ought to leave early, oughtn't [shouldn't] we? 我們應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，對(duì)不對(duì)?