高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)整個(gè)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的開始，也關(guān)系到整個(gè)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的基礎(chǔ)好壞，那么高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有哪些內(nèi)容呢?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常見的形容詞有：necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常見的名詞有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常見的過去分詞有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. 表命令，表建議，表要求的動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)從句虛擬。虛擬的構(gòu)成為(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接從句，虛擬的構(gòu)成是往過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下幾組詞或短語(yǔ)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬
在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名詞從句部分
1. that不可省略的情況
2. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，不做成分，只連接主從句，不能省略;定語(yǔ)從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，并且做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。從語(yǔ)義上看，同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋、說明或內(nèi)容;而定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)對(duì)前面名詞的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
3. 要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)尤其是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷從句的類型：
What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為took place，as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4. 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
名詞性從句均應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，不能用疑問語(yǔ)序，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
5. 名詞性從句中連詞的省略。
介詞后的連詞以及引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。that引導(dǎo)名詞從句(除了引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
that不能省略的情況：
1)介詞后面的that不能省略：
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)：
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不省略：
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有其他從屬連詞時(shí)，that不省略：
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名詞性從句中it的使用：
為了保持句子平衡，多數(shù)情況下，it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，將真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情況
在介詞后或在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
(2. )“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的情況：
在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前;判斷介詞的口訣：瞻前顧后看意義
瞻前——看先行詞;顧后——找從句動(dòng)詞;看意義——看全句表達(dá)含義
(3. )先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用where 或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用why或者for which。
(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中代表主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容的區(qū)別：
位置不同：as從句放在主句前或后均可;而which從句只能放在主句后
作用不同：as從句動(dòng)詞常常是see \know等，因而相當(dāng)于插入語(yǔ);which從句則在陳述一件事實(shí)。
狀語(yǔ)從句部分
1.while 是高考中的高頻詞，它既可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)并列句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”。
2. no matter wh- 與wh-ever 的聯(lián)系及區(qū)別：no matter wh- 只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)與wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，No matter wh-不能。
No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
3. 在條件，時(shí)間和讓步從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來完成時(shí)，
用一般過去時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)。在since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞一般都用一般過去時(shí)，而主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
4. 狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝一般有下面幾種情況：①否定詞開頭;②so 加adj. 開頭;③as /
though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
5. 連詞before小結(jié)：
We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (還沒來得及)
It will be/was…before…要過多久才……
6. because, since, as 引導(dǎo)原因從句的區(qū)別：because表達(dá)直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答why;
since通常放句首，譯為“既然”;as引導(dǎo)不談自明的原因，語(yǔ)氣最弱;
7. as可以引導(dǎo)多種從句，要注意其中的區(qū)別。
8. till, until和not…until的區(qū)別;if和unless的區(qū)別。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分
動(dòng)詞不定式幾點(diǎn)注意。
1.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(夠……就能
……), so as to do/in order to do(為了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如
此……結(jié)果……)。
3. 不定式的三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：即否定結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。
否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not (never) to do”;疑問結(jié)構(gòu)是特殊疑問詞“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/ of +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
這些動(dòng)詞帶不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，省掉to, 若這些動(dòng)詞以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上to。
5. 當(dāng)前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
ability, opportunity(機(jī)會(huì))，way時(shí)，一般用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 結(jié)構(gòu)，要根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來確定其后面的形式。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是do,
does, did時(shí)，but后用動(dòng)詞原形;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí)，but后用“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。
7. 形容詞后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 兩個(gè)外)。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他現(xiàn)在正忙于預(yù)習(xí)功課。
8. 不定式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在后面放上一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
This is a bench to sit on.(這是用來坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (這個(gè)房間住起來很舒適。)
9. 在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+不定式”這個(gè)句型中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式不用被動(dòng)，不能在動(dòng)詞后再放賓語(yǔ)。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的賓語(yǔ)，不能說：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能說：The question is easy to answer it .)
包含高中英語(yǔ)全部語(yǔ)法的13個(gè)句型
1. as 句型
(1) as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你們國(guó)家一樣，我們北方種植小麥，南方種植水稻。
(2) as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+(a /an)+名詞+as ; 否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一樣是位優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一個(gè)如此的一個(gè)笨蛋以致相信了他所說的話。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的強(qiáng)壯以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之類的…… (接名詞或定語(yǔ)從句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成為一個(gè)像雷鋒這樣的人。
(6) the same +名詞+as 和……一樣的…… (接名詞或定語(yǔ)從句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是從前的那樣子了。
(7) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
眾所周知，知識(shí)就是力量。
(8)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，與while意義相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
隨著我們長(zhǎng)大，我們也變得越來越聰明。
(9) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，與 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因?yàn)樵絹碓竭t了，所以我們不久就回來了。
(10) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
盡管他是一個(gè)小孩，但他對(duì)科學(xué)了解得很多。
2. prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我寧愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 寧愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球，不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3. when 句型
(1) was/were doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時(shí)候門突然開了，他妻子走了進(jìn)來。
(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我們剛要出發(fā)，天就開始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在勞累了一天之后我剛剛就寢，電話鈴就響了。
4. seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that從句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看來好像每個(gè)人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是對(duì)的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一場(chǎng)大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看樣子她不能來上課了。
5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他們把價(jià)格上漲了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工資已經(jīng)漲到了每月10,000元。
6. what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
(1) what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
讓我吃驚的是每個(gè)人似乎對(duì)她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不關(guān)心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我們能學(xué)會(huì)我們不懂的東西。
(3) what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他們正在談?wù)撌裁础?/p>
7. too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
這篇課文對(duì)我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。
8. where 句型
(1) where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
這就是他去年住過的房子。
(2) where 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
例：This is where you are wrong.
這正是你錯(cuò)的地方。
9. wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人現(xiàn)在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一樣強(qiáng)壯。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人過去做某事
例： I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早點(diǎn)告訴我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人將來做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你這次會(huì)成功。
10. would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 寧愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她寧可死也不去背叛祖國(guó)。
(2) would rather have done sth 寧愿過去做過某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我寧愿過去接受他的意見。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 寧愿某人過去做過某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通過上星期的考試。
(4) would rather sb did sth 寧愿某人現(xiàn)在或?qū)碜瞿呈?/p>
例： Who would you rather went with you?
你寧愿誰(shuí)和你一起去?
11. before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +時(shí)間+ before + 還有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他還有四年時(shí)間變畢業(yè)了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時(shí)間+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國(guó)家。
12. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
(1) It is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天給我叔叔寫信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇見的是你兄弟嗎?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎樣去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ))
例：They do know the place well.
他們的確很熟悉那個(gè)地方。
13. 用于表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望和計(jì)劃的句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想給你寫信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場(chǎng)籃球比賽。