英語動(dòng)詞的語法歸納
英語動(dòng)詞的語法歸納
在學(xué)習(xí)英語語法時(shí),動(dòng)詞的語法可以說是重中之重。那么你知道英語動(dòng)詞有哪些語法知識嗎?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家整理的英語動(dòng)詞的語法歸納,希望大家喜歡!
英語動(dòng)詞的語法歸納
動(dòng)詞
1)表示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。
2)根據(jù)其在句中的功能,動(dòng)詞可分為四類,分別是:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Notional Verb)、系動(dòng)詞(Link Verb)、助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verb)。
說明:有些情況下,有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞,例如:
We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會(huì)。(having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。(has是助動(dòng)詞。)
3)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語,可分為兩類,分別是:及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive Verb)、不及物動(dòng)詞(Intransitive Verb),縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。
說明:同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。)
She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。)
4)根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制,可分兩類,分別是:限定動(dòng)詞(Finite Verb)、非限定動(dòng)詞(Non-finite Verb)例如:
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主語she的限制,故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well. 她想學(xué)好英語。(to learn不受主語she的限制,沒有詞形變化,是非限定動(dòng)詞。
說明:英語中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞,分別是:動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive)、動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)、分詞(Participle)。
5)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式,可分為三類,分別是:單字詞(One-Word Verb)、短語動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verb)、動(dòng)詞短語(Verbal Phrase)例如:
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英語里有許多短語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語。(contains是單字動(dòng)詞。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。(look up是短語動(dòng)詞。)
The young ought to take care of the old. 年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。(take care of是動(dòng)詞短語。)
6)動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài),分別是:原形(Original Form)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、過去式(Past Form)、過去分詞(Past Participle)、現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle)。
英語動(dòng)詞歸類
一、動(dòng)詞的分類
1.be 動(dòng)詞(am, is, are, was, were)
系動(dòng)詞(look, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound等)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, could, may, might, shall, should, must)
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞)
2.謂語動(dòng)詞(根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)變化)
非謂詞動(dòng)詞(根據(jù)句型的變化)
3.非謂語動(dòng)詞分類
動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞的原型(或叫省略to的不定式)
動(dòng)詞的ing
二、系動(dòng)詞:
1、be+表語(adj,介詞短語,名詞短語,構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí))
eg:I am an English boy名詞短語
she is at school 介詞短語
Lilei is strong 形容詞
Maria was born in Beijing
They were in the library just now
2、系動(dòng)詞:look,seem, feel, taste, smell 之后加adj
eg:Jim looks happy today.(不可用happily)
The food tastes good(不可用well)
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:
1、can與could:
①表示能力時(shí),can為現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪芰?,could為過去能力
eg:I can singthis song (現(xiàn)在的能力)
She could swim when she was five.(過去的能力)
?、诒硎菊埱笤试S表征求對方意見時(shí),could更為委婉
eg:Can I helpyou? 基本上等同于
Could I help you? (相對更誠肯一些)
2、may與might
?、俦硎静聹y意義“可能”
He may know 他可能知道
?、诒硎菊埱笤试S或征求對方意見時(shí),等同于can與could.
eg:May I help you ?
May I speak to Lucy?
3、must意為必須
eg:Must Lucy finish the work at once?
Yes, she must. No, she needn’t (否定回答必須改為needn’t 或don’t haveto)
4.mustn’t 不準(zhǔn)
needn’t不必要
eg:You mustn’t swim in the river, It’s dangerous.
You needn’t go shopping at once, you can go tomorrow.
5、shall 與should 與第一人稱搭配,可表示提建議
eg:shall I goto the zoo with Lilei?
四、謂語動(dòng)詞:
1、謂語動(dòng)詞的4種形式:
?、賱?dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)
a. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞之后加s
b.以 s, x, ch,sh, o結(jié)尾的加es.
c. 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,把y改為i再加es
?、诂F(xiàn)在分詞
a. 一般情況下在動(dòng)詞之后加ing
b. 以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的,去e再加ing
c. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫輔音字母再加ing
?、圻^去式與過去分詞(規(guī)則變化)
a. 一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞之后加ed
b. 以e結(jié)尾的,在動(dòng)詞之后加od
c. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,把y改為i再加ed
d. 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾;最后只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫輔音字母再加ed
初中英語高頻動(dòng)詞用法大匯總
一.加to do的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. afford to do 負(fù)擔(dān)的起做某事
We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我們承擔(dān)不起任何失誤。
2. agree to do 同意做某事
Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一塊吃飯嗎?
3. choose to do 選擇做某事
Why do so many choose to leave their country? 為什么有這么多人要離開祖國?
4. decide to do 決定做某事
She decided to accept the offer. 她決定接受這一提議。
5. expect to do 期待做某事
The shop expects to make more money this year. 這家店鋪期望今年多賺點(diǎn)錢。
6. hope to do 希望做某事
I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一時(shí)候再見到你。
二. 加sb. to do的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. allow ab. to do 允許某人做某事
My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. 老板不許我使用電話。
2. cause ab. to do 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
The beliefin god causes people to do good. 對上帝的信仰使人行善。
3. encourage sb. to do 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
Peter, my English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老師彼得總是鼓勵(lì)我們要好好用功。
4. force sb. to do 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事
No power on earth could force me to do it. 誰也不能強(qiáng)迫我做這事。
5. invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事
We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us. 我們邀請她和我們一起吃感恩節(jié)晚餐。
三. 后加doing的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. avoid doing 避免做某事
Avoid crossing this street at rush hours. 避免在交通擁擠時(shí)間穿越這條街道。
2. consider doing 考慮做某事
Would you consider working in New York next year? 明年你考慮到紐約工作嗎?
3. enjoy doing 享受做某事
I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 我喜歡唱歌,更不用說聽音樂了。
4. finish doing 結(jié)束做某事
It took us a whole week to finish painting the home. 我們花了整整一星期的時(shí)間才把房子粉刷好。
5. hate doing 討厭做某事
The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩們討厭在星期日做家庭作業(yè)。
6. imagine doing 想象做某事
I can't imagine living with a drunk. 我想象不出與一個(gè)醉漢生活在一起的情形。
四. 加do的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. let sb. do 讓某人做某事
I hope you can pardon his badness and let him start all over again.希望您能原諒他的不好,讓他從新開始。
2. make sb. do 使某人做某事
He find it impossible to make her change her mind. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)使她改變主意是不可能的。
3. hear sb. do 聽見某人做某事
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
4. have sb. do 要求某人做某事
Will you like to have him call you back ? 要他給你回個(gè)電話嗎?
5. would rather do than do 寧愿做...不愿做...
They would rather go fishing than stay at home. 他們寧愿去釣魚,也不愿待在家里。
6. had better do 最好做某事
You had better have another think. 你最好 再想一想。
五. 加to doing的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. prefer doing to doing 寧愿做...不愿做...
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他們的老師喜歡做而不喜歡說。
2. be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事
I'm not used to doing shopping online. 我不習(xí)慣于網(wǎng)上購物。
3. look forward to doing 期待做某事
I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望著能自己一人待在這所房子里。
4. pay attention to doing 注意力集中在做某事上
You should pay attention to picking your words . 你應(yīng)該注意措詞。
5. devote … to doing 奉獻(xiàn)...去做某事
I devote myself to helping the poor. 我致力于幫助窮人。
六. 加to do= 加doing的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. start to do =start doing 開始做
When did you start to learn English? 你何時(shí)開始學(xué)英語的?
2. learn to do = learn doing學(xué)著做
She is learning to play the piano. 她在學(xué)彈鋼琴。
3. continue to do = continue doing繼續(xù)做
Bread continues to rise in price. 面包的價(jià)格繼續(xù)上漲。
七. 加to do≠加doing的高頻考查動(dòng)詞
1. forget to do 忘記要做
Don't forget to leave room for our teacher.
forget doing做了某事而把它忘記了
2. remember to do記得要做
remember doing記得做過