【名師答疑】如何解決托福閱讀時間不夠
在托福閱讀中你是否遇到過一些問題，怎樣用技巧快速準(zhǔn)確搞定托福閱讀，今天小編用經(jīng)驗帶和你聊一聊。
【名師答疑】如何解決托福閱讀時間不夠?
來不及做完托福閱讀所有的題目，到第三篇閱讀練習(xí)時只剩下10分鐘左右的時間，閱讀篇章太長，閱讀量太大，速度跟不上，整個閱讀部分坐下來暈暈乎乎，時間越緊迫，做題越迷茫，完全不知道在看什么。上述所提及的現(xiàn)象是很多參加托?？荚嚨耐瑢W(xué)所共有的。但是能否避免這樣的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生呢，答案是肯定的。
一. 詞匯是基礎(chǔ)。
要想做好閱讀，首先要理解文章。那一篇文章到底是怎樣構(gòu)成的呢?
最小的單位就是詞，各式各樣的詞按照不同句型構(gòu)成了句子，常見的有10大邏輯關(guān)系，包括因果，并列，轉(zhuǎn)折等，對此累積掌握常見的邏輯關(guān)系提示詞非常重要，比如therefore，consequently的出現(xiàn)表明因果關(guān)系的存在。最后不同段落按照一定的結(jié)構(gòu)，如總分式結(jié)構(gòu)，就是我們所熟悉的總分，總分總，或者分總構(gòu)成了篇章，或者是段落之間是相對獨立的平行關(guān)系，也可能是對照式結(jié)構(gòu)，此類文章包含兩個形成對比的大概念，它們所具有的特點，比如tpo12里就有一篇文章water indessert，主要介紹了沙漠中的水，文章對內(nèi)流河和外流河兩種河流進(jìn)行描述。所以要想準(zhǔn)確無誤及快速理解文章，首先要鞏固基礎(chǔ)，先理解認(rèn)識單詞。
另外一般情況下(除非加試)一場托?？荚?，閱讀部分要求在60分鐘的時間內(nèi)完成3篇練習(xí)，平均每篇20分鐘，值得一提的是，一定要把握好第一篇練習(xí)的時間，第一篇如果花太久，這樣在做第三篇時就會很緊張，這樣對第三篇練習(xí)不公平，因為它有可能很簡單。托福閱讀共有10大類題型(其中指代題已不考)，其中中有詞匯題的存在，一篇練習(xí)有14道題左右，計算一下，一道題平均可被分配到的時間不到1.5分鐘，但14道題中會包含3-5題詞匯題，如果人認(rèn)識這個詞匯，就能秒殺這一類型的題，那也能給其他題型省下不少時間，所以要想提升做題速度，單詞先背熟。
二. 掌握技巧解題，有選擇性閱讀。
一篇托福閱讀平均字?jǐn)?shù)為700字左右，還是學(xué)術(shù)性較強的文章，想要一字一句讀懂每一句話并在練習(xí)時還能記得自己所看到過的內(nèi)容，這需要超強的閱讀能力。但對于大多數(shù)備考學(xué)生，這還是存在一定難度，所以解題過程中最關(guān)鍵的是有選擇性閱讀，這就要求我們一方面，多做練習(xí)，熟悉文章結(jié)構(gòu)(托福閱讀考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)也就那么幾種，上述內(nèi)容中就有一個例子)，另一方面，好好利用tpo，大量練習(xí)，概括總結(jié)分析每一類題型，了解托福閱讀出題套路，解題時就有的放矢。比如肯定事實細(xì)節(jié)題，我們要做的就是要找關(guān)鍵詞，定位。如果題干給出足夠信息，那就在原文快速瀏覽找到題干信息在文章的出處，閱讀所在或臨近的句子，直接選擇。如果題干只是籠統(tǒng)的說according to paragraph X, which of the following is true? 這時候就找到選項中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后回原文找到出處，再做比對。切記盲目閱讀，題目看懂了再讀原文。值得一提的是，對于選項，要擅用直選法和排除法結(jié)合，選擇時看到相互矛盾或者意思沖突的選項時可以直接排除。另外閱讀考試中的錯誤選項也是有各類特征的，熟練認(rèn)知各種特征，可以大大提神解題速度。
三. 長難句要分析。
定位到信息不難，定位到了讀不懂意思才是悲哀。很多同學(xué)在解題時不會主動去分析句子，遇到語法結(jié)構(gòu)稍復(fù)雜的句子，就只會機械的逐字翻譯，每個詞都認(rèn)識，但是句子讀不懂，這個也是白搭。所以在累積詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上，平時的訓(xùn)練當(dāng)中一定要多花時間在句子分析這一塊。分析過程中我們需要的是弄清楚這句話主語是什么，怎么了，發(fā)生什么事，誰是修飾成分，哪部分才是真正的謂語。
四. 熟悉托?？荚嚹Ｊ?，知己知彼。
有這樣一些同學(xué)，平時在紙上做托福閱讀時，速度特別快，也習(xí)慣在紙上劃各種線索，關(guān)鍵詞句，但是碰到托福閱讀就沒法正常發(fā)揮好實力。因為托福是機考，機考，機考。。。所以要在正式考試前，熟悉機考環(huán)境，克服電腦上閱讀的不適應(yīng)性，建議備考后期一定要在電腦上多進(jìn)行三篇閱讀的連續(xù)限時練習(xí)，在閱讀過程中不要拿筆或手去點屏幕閱讀。
托福閱讀訓(xùn)練需要注重哪三方面
托福閱讀要想拿到一個理想分?jǐn)?shù)主要依賴于以下三個方面的訓(xùn)練，詞匯，閱讀技巧，解題訓(xùn)練等：
首先是詞匯，從某種意義上來講，詞匯量的大小是TOEFL閱讀理解高分的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。如果詞匯量沒有達(dá)到基本要求(五千以上)，縱然你有"葵花寶典"在手，也只能命喪ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以犧牲詞匯量為代價的技巧練習(xí)簡直是一味巨毒無比的“五毒散”。
再有就是一些托福閱讀技巧。TOEFL的閱讀量非常大，一般的中國考生根本無法把文章全部讀完，所謂的“掃讀法”、“跳讀法”和“略讀法”也只能適用于少數(shù)類型的文章，根本不能解決本質(zhì)問題。那么，文章到底應(yīng)該怎么讀法呢?一句話，主動地閱讀文章的關(guān)鍵部位。所謂主動是指不能象一般的閱讀那樣完全被動地接受信息，而應(yīng)該不斷的進(jìn)行思考和預(yù)測;所謂關(guān)鍵部位，主要是每一段的開頭和結(jié)尾部分。由于TOEFL的閱讀理解文章全部選自于正式出版物，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)非常完整和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，而且出現(xiàn)的邏輯模式也是屈指可數(shù)。經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，考生的預(yù)測可以做到非常準(zhǔn)確的程度。這樣，通過閱讀文章的幾處關(guān)鍵部位，就能很快地把握整個文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，也就解決了問題的70%。
除此之外就是解題訓(xùn)練，排除法恐怕是一直以來大多數(shù)學(xué)生在解閱讀理題目時使用最多的方法。事實上，這種方法具有致命的缺點：干擾大、費時間。更有效和迅速的辦法是讀完題干之后，就在腦子反映出一個模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在選項中尋找接近的答案進(jìn)行判斷。這種能力必須在平時的訓(xùn)練和講解中逐漸養(yǎng)成和加強，決非什么技巧之類的東西可以替代。
除了上述托福閱讀訓(xùn)練需注重哪三方面之外，如果能夠?qū)σ恍┗镜谋尘爸R加以補充的話，更能確保閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)確率和速度。需要指出的是，托福閱讀的真正提高并不是去學(xué)習(xí)一些技巧，而是在訓(xùn)練中養(yǎng)成一種無意識的使用技巧的習(xí)慣，做到實力與技巧巧妙的結(jié)合。
托福閱讀真題練習(xí)1
Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.
All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.
On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.
1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of
igneous rock to support the idea that
(A) the Earth began as a molten mass
(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust
(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are very common
(D) igneous rock is continually being formed
2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) move into
(B) neutralize
(C) cover
(D) deposit
3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) vast
(B) natural
(C) existing
(D) uneven
4. The word it in line 16 refers to
(A) granite
(B) surface
(C) landscape
(D) texture
5. Granite that has been found above ground has been
(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma
(B) produced during a volcanic explosion
(C) gradually exposed due to erosion
(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth
6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?
(A) granite
(B) plutonic rock
(C) rhyolite
(D) mineral crystals
7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) minutely
(B) loosely
(C) sensitively
(D) purely
8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?
(A) Plutonic rock
(B) Crystal
(C) Lava
(D) Obsidian
托福閱讀真題練習(xí)2
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.
In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
1. What is the main point of the passage ?
(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of
television coverage.
(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.
(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the
introduction of television.
(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.
2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) analyzed
(B) discussed
(C) spread
(D) stored
3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties
(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates
(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates
(C) attracted more members
(D) received more money
4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) allowed
(B) increased
(C) required
(D) started
5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of
(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention
(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians
(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century
(D) a style of speech common to televised political events
6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) added interest to
(B) modified
(C) imitated
(D) been replaced by
7. The word that in line 12 refers to
(A) audience
(B) broadcast news
(C) politician
(D) advertisement
8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse
was more successful at
(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates
(B) placing political issues within a historical context
(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens
(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior
9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that
politicians
(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims
(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past
(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters
(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens
10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) abundance
(B) clarification
(C) dependence
(D) information
11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that
(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens
(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are
less attractive
(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not
(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better
informed
12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can
(A) create more time to discuss political issues
(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves
(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person
(D) engages in debates with their opponents
13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.
(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.
(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.
(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.
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