托福寫作參考書推薦
關(guān)于托??荚嚨膶懽鞑糠郑芏郥OEFLer在選擇參考資料時(shí)會(huì)覺得一籌莫展,市面上關(guān)于托福寫作的參考書五花八門,究竟哪些書籍可以真正有針對(duì)行有啟發(fā)性的助力我們托福寫作備考呢?小編在這里分“指導(dǎo)類”和“范文類”給各位TOEFLer推薦幾本可以幫助大家提高托福寫作水平的書籍,希望可以讓各位的托福寫作備考之路走得更順暢些。
托福寫作有哪些書籍推薦
一、指導(dǎo)類作文書
1、《挑戰(zhàn)TOEFL iBT作文滿分》
一本綜合性寫作指導(dǎo)書,內(nèi)容豐富,全面,06年新版增加了綜合寫作的章節(jié),應(yīng)該是國(guó)內(nèi)新托福寫作指導(dǎo)性書籍中的首選。
2、《10天搞定TOEFL作文》
一本“短小精悍”的寫作指導(dǎo)書,內(nèi)容上比上面的“挑戰(zhàn)滿分”精簡(jiǎn)很多。
二、范文類書籍
1、《TOEFL iBT高分作文》
李笑來的一本范文集,收錄了對(duì)應(yīng)全部TWE185作文題的185篇范文。有考過G作文的朋友可能會(huì)說里面的文章論證不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),但其實(shí)相對(duì)于G作文,T作文對(duì)邏輯的要求并不像G作文那么高,另一方面,也有人指出這本書里不少文章的語(yǔ)言有點(diǎn)“Chinglish”味兒,不是特別地道,但對(duì)于寫作基礎(chǔ)不好的“非?!眮碚f,可能這種語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格更適合拿來模仿和入門。
2、Answers to all TOEFL Essay Questions
這是海外出版的一本TWE185作文集,文章數(shù)有400多篇,基本每個(gè)作文題目都有2-3篇文章。也許是文章過多的緣故,風(fēng)格上比較多樣,不少文章相比李笑來范文,有些“洋味兒”,思路也和中國(guó)學(xué)生愛用的傳統(tǒng)思路不太一樣。當(dāng)然,文章水平可能也有參差不齊的問題,少數(shù)文章中可能有細(xì)微的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(細(xì)微錯(cuò)誤是ETS能接受的),但總體質(zhì)量還行,可以拿來參考。
3、《TOEFL全真題高分作文》
胡敏主編的一本不錯(cuò)的作文書,網(wǎng)上常用的稱呼是“胡敏綠皮書”,書的主體是150篇舊托福作文真題的范文,另外也有一些寫作上的建議,和常用詞匯、句式的總結(jié)等。書內(nèi)范文風(fēng)格相比傳統(tǒng)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)議論風(fēng)格,要顯得自由些,可能是三本范文書中最接近OG上范文風(fēng)格的書籍。
【托福寫作】托福寫作如何拿高分
托福寫作怎么提高?
首先要弄清楚作文重點(diǎn)考察的是什么?關(guān)鍵因素是什么
托福作文能否得高分,取決于三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素,一是邏輯,二是語(yǔ)法,三是詞匯。
托福寫作有兩塊,一塊是綜合寫作,一塊是獨(dú)立寫作。首先在兩個(gè)寫作部分很重要的都是你的打字速度;雖然考試中有給予一個(gè)最多字?jǐn)?shù)的限制,但是滿分作文一般都會(huì)超過最高字?jǐn)?shù)的限制,所以要有一定的打字速度和正確率。
托福寫作:綜合寫作
綜合寫作方面很重要的是聽力部分。首先在閱讀文章的時(shí)候,3分鐘,先看首段,看文章討論一個(gè)什么問題表達(dá)什么態(tài)度。接下去看每段第一句,在紙上簡(jiǎn)略記下分論點(diǎn),如果還有時(shí)間,再來看分論點(diǎn)下面的解釋,因?yàn)榭赡茉谥虚g還會(huì)藏有一個(gè)小的分論點(diǎn)。要知道聽力和閱讀幾乎都是每點(diǎn)一一對(duì)應(yīng)的。在聽力的過程中,能記的就記,盡可能多地聽。在寫的過程中要盡量多地把聽力的內(nèi)容復(fù)述出來。
聽力和聽寫練習(xí)
在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)聽力和聽寫練習(xí)主要是針對(duì)托福綜合寫作。托福綜合寫作需要大家根據(jù)閱讀和聽力材料中的內(nèi)容總結(jié)歸納成一篇文章,所以對(duì)于大家的聽力能力有較高的要求。有的同學(xué)覺得托福聽力只要沒有問題,綜合寫作中的聽力肯定也沒問題,但事實(shí)上托福綜合寫作中的聽力對(duì)大家的要求更高一些。聽力版塊的考試中都是客觀題,只要聽懂內(nèi)容選出正確答案即可,但是綜合寫作卻需要大家記錄的更加詳細(xì)方便寫文章用。大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)中多練綜合寫作聽寫。
托福寫作:獨(dú)立寫作
獨(dú)立寫作,首先是審題,在考試過程中如果能5段式(首尾,中間三個(gè)分論點(diǎn))當(dāng)然就很好了;外國(guó)人思維比較直,開頭結(jié)尾一定要寫清楚自己的觀點(diǎn),用一句簡(jiǎn)單明了的句子。中間每段第一句要點(diǎn)明自己的分論點(diǎn)。在分?jǐn)?shù)提升一定程度后,還要注意每段中間的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),因?yàn)槭亲h論文要符合思維邏輯。多用連接詞,你回發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)自己想到一句寫一句的時(shí)候就根本插不進(jìn)連接詞,連接詞能幫你理清邏輯。
寫作技巧
關(guān)于寫作技巧,其實(shí)不需要贅述太多,大家在網(wǎng)上也都看到過很多關(guān)于如何提高托福寫作的技巧。關(guān)于獨(dú)立寫作只強(qiáng)調(diào)三點(diǎn):審題,提綱和時(shí)間把握。獨(dú)立寫作考試中不要急著寫文章,申請(qǐng)題目,列好提綱再動(dòng)筆,把握好考試時(shí)間,最后要留出檢查時(shí)間。綜合寫作除了上文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的聽寫練習(xí)外,還要注意組織自己的答題套路。綜合寫作的寫作時(shí)間只有20分鐘,快速歸納總結(jié),把握好寫作時(shí)間是重中之重,另外寫完以后也要記得檢查。
托福寫作多多訓(xùn)練,每天都要堅(jiān)持,付出總歸會(huì)有回報(bào)的,英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是沒有捷徑的,不要讓自己再有托福寫作怎么提高的疑問。
【托福寫作】新托福寫作有哪些變化
根據(jù)ETS發(fā)布的信息,本次托福改革寫作部分沒有變化,依舊是1個(gè)獨(dú)立寫作搭配一個(gè)綜合寫作,且考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)沒有變化。不過分析認(rèn)為,雖然寫作沒有改版,但是考慮到考試時(shí)間的大幅縮短,寫作部分也會(huì)得到“體力保存”的紅利。
因此面對(duì)新托福寫作,有很多同學(xué)都相當(dāng)困惑,究竟什么樣口味的句子才是ETS閱卷官們喜歡的呢?其實(shí),在新托福寫作中,終極口味為“具體具體再具體”,You cannot be more specific. 這也意味著,句子越細(xì)節(jié),你的得分越高,但絕不是生搬硬套東拉西扯。究竟怎樣擴(kuò)充句子呢?有如下方式:
1. 增加并列成分;
2. 增加修飾成分;
3. 增加從句;
4. 增加連詞;
如以下例句:
They grow long hair.
這個(gè)句子沒有任何閃光點(diǎn),我們利用以上擴(kuò)充方法來修改這句話,變成了如下的句子:
They grow long hair, regardless of the gender, usually part of which is dyed in gold.
這句話就相當(dāng)璀璨奪目,有修飾成分,也有從句。
同理,做以下的三個(gè)練習(xí):
1. They wear jeans.
They wear jeans in each and every season, commonly knees of which are deliberate torn.
2. Boys wear earrings.
Boys are keen on earrings and other weird ornaments.
3. Girls smoke.
Girls are fond of Marlboros or some odd bad words.
以下為一組多個(gè)句子組成的一段話。
Energy is much needed now. And nuclear plants are clean and economical. They can produce vast amounts of energy. But people, especially local residents are very concerned about safety. They hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
這幾個(gè)句子都是簡(jiǎn)單句,雖然表達(dá)的意思很清楚,但是明顯沒有滿足ETS的口味偏好,下面我們將上述句子搭配成完整的復(fù)雜句。合并句子的準(zhǔn)則為:同一個(gè)詞匯可以合并,變成從句或修飾成分,例如“energy”、“people”。修改后的句子為:
Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy; however people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
同理,做兩個(gè)練習(xí):
修改前:Some people succeed. Other people fail. The difference is not the number of opportunities. It is whether they can take advantage of opportunities. Opportunities will arise in the course of one’s life, though they are rare.
修改后:One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advantage of opportunities rather than the number of opportunities, which will inevitably arise, if rarely, in the course of one’s life.
修改前:College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They are expected to cheat more frequently. They are unlike those graduated ten years ago. They are only interested in their own personal future and consider little the problem of society.
修改后:College students, primarily interested in grades and economic success, are expected to cheat more frequently than those who graduated ten years ago and are far less concerned with the problem of society than with their own personal future.
至此大家應(yīng)該知道如何使短句變長(zhǎng)句了,同學(xué)們要時(shí)刻牢記:不積跬步無以至千里,不積小流無以成江海。寫作的終極目的是考察學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言能力,平庸的短句是無法吸引考官眼球的。
【托福寫作】托福寫作經(jīng)典范文解析
寫作范文
When a new piece of technological device, usually an electronic gadget, is launched, there must be long queues of people who cannot wait to own it. On the other hand, there are patient people, who wait until the market calms down. Although passion is not necessarily undesirable, patience is more adoptable.
當(dāng)啟動(dòng)一種新的技術(shù)設(shè)備(通常是電子產(chǎn)品)時(shí),一定會(huì)有很多人迫不及待想要擁有它。 另一方面,還有耐心的人,他們等到市場(chǎng)平靜下來。 盡管熱情不一定是不希望的,但耐心更可取。
這段從一個(gè)例子開始訴說一個(gè)中心思想,然后最后一句話帶出耐心更需要被采用。典型的開頭見山,例子清晰簡(jiǎn)單,而且很有認(rèn)同感,讓讀者想起iPhone的發(fā)布。
For one thing, if a consumer could stay calm, he or she would likely have an economical deal or even a bargain. As consumer electronics are updated so frequently that the original high price of a model can hardly remain long, it is not smart to purchase a device when it is newly available and at its peak price. After the initial thrill, many early birds regret their impulse because they know that they have overpaid. It is therefore sensible to buy the device when the price drops to a reasonable level. As for the excitement of owning a new digital gear, as long as the device is new to its owner, it does not have to be the freshly available.
一方面,如果消費(fèi)者能夠保持鎮(zhèn)定,則他或她可能會(huì)達(dá)成經(jīng)濟(jì)交易,甚至討價(jià)還價(jià)。 由于消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品的更新頻率很高,以至于模型的原始高價(jià)幾乎無法維持太久,因此,在新近可用且價(jià)格最高的設(shè)備上購(gòu)買設(shè)備并不明智。 最初的激動(dòng)之后,許多早起的鳥兒后悔自己的沖動(dòng),因?yàn)樗麄冎雷约焊冻隽烁甙旱拇鷥r(jià)。 因此,在價(jià)格降至合理水平時(shí)購(gòu)買設(shè)備是明智的。 至于擁有新的數(shù)字設(shè)備的興奮,只要該設(shè)備是其所有者的新設(shè)備,就不必新鮮購(gòu)買。
Here comes the follow-up question: for how long should a consumer wait? Usually a few months — when many people have owned it. A typical example is smart phones, whose old models are replaced with new ones annually. A consumer could wait for merely a few months and own the most recent model with a moderate expense of money, saving hundreds of dollars.
接下來的問題是:消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該等待多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間? 通常幾個(gè)月-當(dāng)很多人擁有它時(shí)。 一個(gè)典型的例子是智能手機(jī),其舊型號(hào)每年都會(huì)被新型號(hào)替換。 消費(fèi)者只需要等待幾個(gè)月,就可以擁有一筆適度的金錢,擁有數(shù)百美元,就能擁有最新的模型。
上面的例子的詳細(xì)介紹,通過問答形式開頭,能夠吸引考官注意,代入感很強(qiáng),讓考官有興趣去繼續(xù)閱讀。
中心句:
Waiting is a rational decision also because consumers can be better-informed. Although it is exciting to chase the trend closely, those technological fashionistas can wind up feeling disappointed. When they purchase a newest model of tablet or a most cutting-edgy wearable item, they often have no idea or only a vague idea of how these products actually feel—the appearance, the tactility, the weight and the functionality. At the moment they open the box, any feature that is below their expectations can upset them. Contrarily, patience makes winners. It is particularly advantageous that ‘late arrivals’, who have probably learned the strengths and weaknesses of a device from the feedback of ‘early birds’, are well prepared for the item. Especially unsurprising by the drawbacks, those patient shoppers are less likely to be ripped off .
等待也是一個(gè)理性的決定,因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者可以了解更多信息。 盡管緊追潮流是令人興奮的,但是那些技術(shù)時(shí)尚達(dá)人可能會(huì)感到失望。 當(dāng)他們購(gòu)買最新型號(hào)的平板電腦或最易切削的可穿戴產(chǎn)品時(shí),他們通常對(duì)這些產(chǎn)品的實(shí)際感覺一無所知,或者只是模棱兩可—外觀,觸感,重量和功能。 在他們打開包裝盒的那一刻,任何低于他們期望的功能都會(huì)使他們不高興。 相反,耐心使勝利者。 可能已經(jīng)從“早起的鳥兒”的反饋中了解到設(shè)備優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)的“遲到者”為該物品做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備,這是特別有利的。 尤其是不足為奇的是,那些耐心的購(gòu)物者被剝奪的可能性較小。
中心句依舊使用例子證明自己的觀點(diǎn),通過人們的購(gòu)買習(xí)慣來證明消費(fèi)者更具備耐心。承接下面的總結(jié),不會(huì)一下子把思想講完,以為是結(jié)束了。
In conclusion, first, if a technological product is purchased at a supposedly lower price, it is more worth the money; second, if the decision of purchasing is based on others’ user experience as reference, it may be more reasonable. For these two reasons as the minimum, it is better to buy a technological device when the initial heat is gone than when the tide is high.
總之,首先,如果以較低的價(jià)格購(gòu)買技術(shù)產(chǎn)品,那么物有所值; 其次,如果購(gòu)買決定是基于他人的用戶體驗(yàn)作為參考,則可能更合理。 出于這兩個(gè)最低限度的原因,最好是在初始熱量消失時(shí)購(gòu)買技術(shù)設(shè)備,而不是在漲潮時(shí)購(gòu)買。
句法結(jié)構(gòu)豐富且自然:沒有過度堆砌語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)而造成閱讀困難、冗余、油膩,作為范文可以幫助學(xué)生建立正確的導(dǎo)向,防止一味追求復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。詞匯地道且自然:并沒有追求長(zhǎng)難罕見詞,但大量使用了學(xué)生普遍認(rèn)識(shí)但未必會(huì)用的詞匯,恰如其分,沒有明顯的中文痕跡。
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