托福閱讀和SAT閱讀三大區(qū)別
有一個(gè)好的托福成績(jī)能夠證明這個(gè)學(xué)生具備了在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里學(xué)習(xí)以及生活的能力，但是好的SAT成績(jī)真正的體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)人思維能力和學(xué)術(shù)能力，而接下來(lái)要為大家分析的就是托福閱讀和SAT閱讀三大區(qū)別。
托福閱讀和SAT閱讀三大區(qū)別
SAT閱讀VS托福閱讀——文章篇幅
若在托福閱讀考試?yán)镞€未出現(xiàn)加試情況下，托福閱讀考試?yán)锟偣矔?huì)有3篇文章，每一篇文章的字?jǐn)?shù)大概是在650到800個(gè)單詞之間;
但是在SAT閱讀里，通常是會(huì)包含4篇短閱讀以及五篇長(zhǎng)閱讀，當(dāng)中就各自有一組短對(duì)比的文章與一組長(zhǎng)對(duì)比的文章。
短文章的字?jǐn)?shù)相當(dāng)?shù)纳?，大約在100-150個(gè)字之間，而長(zhǎng)閱讀的字?jǐn)?shù)一般在600-800個(gè)單詞之間，因此從文章數(shù)目上來(lái)說(shuō)，SAT閱讀更多。
而且從文章篇幅上來(lái)說(shuō)，托福閱讀考試中并沒(méi)有短閱讀，所以如果考生想在托福閱讀考試中取得高分，就一定要在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練自己在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之內(nèi)閱讀文章的專注度。
SAT閱讀VS托福閱讀——文章題材
SAT閱讀與托福閱讀的題材都是相當(dāng)?shù)膹V泛，通常是會(huì)牽涉針對(duì)考生自然科學(xué)以及人文社科等方面。但它們的文章角度是不一樣的，有一定的區(qū)別。
托福閱讀考試?yán)镒髡叩膽B(tài)度通常而言是很客觀的，并不會(huì)加進(jìn)太多的自己有關(guān)某一個(gè)事物的想法，文章中陳述的主要觀點(diǎn)一般也是某些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。
但是SAT閱讀和這個(gè)是有很大的區(qū)別的，SAT閱讀中的議論文中的論證更加明顯。作者針對(duì)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事件會(huì)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法，然后加以論證。并且作者往往會(huì)在文章中對(duì)涉及他人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有傾向的支持或者反對(duì)。
而且據(jù)以往的考試情況來(lái)看，SAT閱讀中還涉及了一些文學(xué)作品，這些文學(xué)作品的大多是小說(shuō)，有自傳體的回憶錄，也有以人物為中心的故事。從文章的題材來(lái)說(shuō)，SAT閱讀比托福閱讀更具有人文主義色彩。
SAT閱讀VS托福閱讀——題目數(shù)量
SAT閱讀與托福閱讀的題目數(shù)量上還是有一定的區(qū)別，托福閱讀方面通常情況下有每一篇文章以后有12到14個(gè)題目，考試時(shí)間是60分鐘。而SAT閱讀中的48個(gè)題目和填空部分的19個(gè)題目是一起在70分鐘之內(nèi)要求考生完成的。和托福閱讀相比，SAT閱讀的文章更多，題目多，時(shí)間也比較緊張。
托福閱讀TPO32第2篇:Siam,1851-1910
【1】In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now Thailand). The old ruling families were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted; their sons were enticed away to schools for district officers, later to be posted in some faraway province; and the old patron-client relations that had bound together local societies simply disintegrated. Local rulers could no longer protect their relatives and attendants in legal cases, and with the ending in 1905 of the practice of forcing peasant farmers to work part-time for local rulers, the rulers no longer had a regular base for relations with rural populations. The old local ruling families, then, were severed from their traditional social context.
【2】The same situation viewed from the perspective of the rural population is even more complex. According to the government's first census of the rural population, taken in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. This was probably a large increase over the figure even two or three decades earlier, during the late 1800s. It is difficult to imagine it now, but Siam's Central Plain in the late 1800s was nowhere near as densely settled as it is today. There were still forests closely surrounding Bangkok into the last half of the nineteenth century, and even at century’s end there were wild elephants and tigers roaming the countryside only twenty or thirty miles away.
【3】Much population movement involved the opening up of new lands for rice cultivation. Two things made this possible and encouraged it to happen. First, the opening of the kingdom to the full force of international trade by the Bowring Treaty (1855) rapidly encouraged economic specialization in the growing of rice, mainly to feed the rice-deficient portions of Asia (India and China in particular). The average annual volume of rice exported from Siam grew from under 60 million kilograms per year in the late 1850s to more than 660 million kilograms per year at the turn of the century; and over the same period the average price per kilogram doubled. During the same period, the area planted in rice increased from about 230,000 acres to more than 350,000 acres. This growth was achieve as the result of the collective decisions of thousands of peasants families to expand the amount of land they cultivated, clear and plant new land, or adopt more intensive methods of agriculture.
【4】They were able to do so because of our second consideration. They were relatively freer than they had been half a century earlier. Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868-1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government. Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice for the marketplace.
【5】Numerous changes accompanied these developments. The rural population both dispersed and grew, and was probably less homogeneous and more mobile than it had been a generation earlier. The villages became more vulnerable to arbitrary treatment by government bureaucrats as local elites now had less control over them. By the early twentieth century, as government modernization in a sense caught up with what had been happening in the countryside since the 1870s, the government bureaucracy intruded more and more into village life. Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service. Village handicrafts diminished or died out completely as people bought imported consumer goods, like cloth and tools, instead of making them themselves. More economic variation took shape in rural villages, as some grew prosperous from farming while others did not. As well as can be measured, rural standards of living improved in the Fifth Reign. But the statistical averages mean little when measured against the harsh realities of peasant life.
托福閱讀TPO32題目第2篇:Siam,1851-1910
1.The word "severed" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to
A.cut off.
B.viewed.
C.protected.
D.rescued.
2.According to paragraph 1, the situation for Siam's old ruling families changed in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A.Their incomes were reduced.
B.Their sons were posted as district officers in distant provinces.
C.They could sell lands that had traditionally belonged to them.
D.They had less control over the rural populations.
3.According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of Siam in 1905?
A.Its urban population began to migrate out of the cities and into the country.
B.Its Central Plain was almost as densely populated as it is today.
C.It was so rural that wild elephants and tigers sometimes roamed Bangkok.
D.It had many more villages than it did in the late 1800s.
4.The phrase "rice-deficient portions" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to
A.the parts that consume rice.
B.the parts that do not have enough rice.
C.the parts where rice is grown.
D.the parts that depend primarily on rice.
5.Paragraph 3 mentions all of the following as signs of economic growth in Siam EXCEPT
A.an increase in the price of rice.
B.an increase in the amount of rice leaving Siam.
C.an increase in the nutritional quality of the rice grown.
D.an increase in the amount of land used for rice production.
6.According to paragraph 3, farming families increased the amount of rice they grew in part by
A.growing varieties of rice that produced greater yields.
B.forming collective farms by joining together with other farm families.
C.planting rice in areas that had previously remained unplanted.
D.hiring laborers to help them tend their fields.
7.According to paragraph 4, what happened after the government ended the practice of requiring rural people to perform labor for it?
A.Rural people became more closely connected to the aristocracy.
B.Rural people spent more time growing rice for profit.
C.The government began to pay the laborers who grew rice for it.
D.The government introduced a special tax on rice.
8.Which of the following best describes the relationship between paragraphs 3 and 4 in the passage?
A.Paragraph 4 provides further evidence of the economic growth of Siam discussed in paragraph 3.B.Paragraph 4 continues the discussion begun in paragraph 3 of farming improvements that led to economic growth.
C.Paragraph 4 examines a particular effect of the Bowring Treaty mentioned in paragraph 3.D.Paragraph 4 discusses the second of two factors that contributed to the expansion of rice farming mentioned in paragraph 3.
9.The word "dispersed" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to
A.spread out.
B.gained power.
C.adapted.
D.specialized.
10.The word "compulsory" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to
A.foreign.
B.formal.
C.required.
D.preferred.
11.According to paragraph 5, which of the following was true of Siam's rural people during the Fifth Reign?
A.They were forced to spend most of the profits from rice growing on registrations required by the government.
B.Their lives remained very difficult even though statistics suggest that their quality of life improved.
C.The non-farmers among them were helped by the government more than the farmers among them were.
D.They were more prosperous when they were ruled by local elites than when they were ruled by the more modern government of the Fifth Reign.
12.According to paragraph 5, the government bureaucracy intruded in village life by
A.requiring the people to register their cattle and land.
B.requiring the people to buy certain kinds of imported goods.
C.discouraging the people from making handicrafts and tools.
D.encouraging more people to take up farming.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? And yet, how is it that the peasants were able to choose to expand their economic activity in response to the market opportunities?
■【A】They were able to do so because of our second consideration.■【B】They were relatively freer than they had been half a century earlier.■【C】Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868-1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government.■【D】Under these conditions, it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time at what they had been able to do only part-time previously because of the requirement to work for the government: grow rice for the marketplace.
14. Prose Summary
During the late nineteenth century, changes in Siam's power structure had important economic consequences.
A.Population movement occurred and rice cultivation intensified because Siam became more actively involved in international trade.
B.Changes in taxation and the ending of the requirement that people work part-time for the rulers allowed farmers to produce more rice for the marketplace.
C.Population increases occurred in part because Siam's farmers were able to produce more rice to feed the population.
D.Land became so valuable that villagers had to pay the government for the land that they worked on.
E.Although rural living standards may have improved somewhat, prosperity varied from village to village and government bureaucracy played a greater role in village life.
F.Government modernization in the early twentieth century resulted in the loss of some freedoms that the rural population had gained from the traditional ruling classes.
托福閱讀TPO32第2篇答案:Siam,1851-1910
1.sever表示"分離，切開(kāi)"， 對(duì)應(yīng)cut off。
2.A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)該段第三句revenues taken away or restricted;
B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)該段第三句 their sons were enticed away to schools for district office later to be posted in some faraway province;
C選項(xiàng)原文中沒(méi)有提及;
D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)該段倒數(shù)第二句。
3.該段第2，3句;1905年有3萬(wàn)人比起18世紀(jì)晚期有很大的增長(zhǎng)。
4.rice-deficient 缺乏大米，對(duì)應(yīng)do not have enough rice。
5.A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)the average price per kilogram doubled;
B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)該段第4句話;
C選項(xiàng)原文中沒(méi)有提及;
D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)該段的最后一句。
6.該段的最后一句plant new land。
7.該段最后一句：it made good sense to thousands of peasant families to in effect work full-time, grow rice for the marketplace.
8.解釋 第3段提到了2個(gè)因素中的第一個(gè),出口大米; 第4段第一句話表明要
討論第二個(gè)因素
9.disperse表示"散開(kāi)，驅(qū)散"，對(duì)應(yīng) spread out 傳播，散布。
10.compulsory 義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，對(duì)應(yīng)required 必修的，必須的。
11.該段最后一句：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能說(shuō)明什么，農(nóng)民依然活在水深火熱之中。
12.請(qǐng)查看該段第5句。
13.該段第一句do so表示前面必有指代，because表示原因，對(duì)應(yīng)了how。
14.A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第3段核心意思;
B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第4段核心意思;
C選項(xiàng)原文中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明;
D選項(xiàng)原文中沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明;
E選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第5段核心意思;
F選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第5段但原文中沒(méi)有提到loss of freedoms的概念。
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