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解讀雅思閱讀句子填空題技巧

時間: 楚薇20 分享

為了幫助大家備考雅思,下面學(xué)習(xí)啦為大家整理了淺析雅思閱讀句子填空題,供考生們參考,以下是詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。

解讀雅思閱讀句子填空題技巧

雅思閱讀中,句子填空的題目多是長的陳述句,然后根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容來填入一或二和空的答案。作為常見題型,A類考試平均每一次會出現(xiàn)一組,一組大約三到五個左右;G類平均每兩次出現(xiàn)一組,也是大約三個左右。以下即從句子填空的特點,解題技巧以及注意事項三方面來對此題型做一個分析。

(一)特點——summary與short questions 的結(jié)合體

從形式上來看,sentence completion其實就是“迷你”的summary。二者都屬信息補充型(information gap)題目。Summary 是摘要出一個相對內(nèi)容上完整的信息段落,簡述凝練。題目是完整的一段陳述,沒有割裂感。因此在題號上也有一定的順序性,題目基本與文章保持平行一致。Sentence completion 則可以看成是分解斷裂開的summary,即每一個sentence就是summary中的一個題號。即使sentence completion前后兩題內(nèi)容上是獨立的,但也多是順序性的。因兩者同需考察信息檢索填補information gap的能力,所以基本上答案也多是原文原詞或時態(tài)和形式上的變形。

從內(nèi)容上來看,sentence completion常是給出一個空(也有兩到三個,但也多是相并列的成份)來讓考生填補相對重要的信息問題。轉(zhuǎn)化一下就可以看成是對那一個填空項的提問,且目的性很強。再者,兩者通常是要用非常少的詞來作為答案,而且定位了答案后,還要再思考如何凝練成題目所要求的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。

因此,sentence completion可以看成是summary 和 short questions 兩者的結(jié)合,在解題思路和技巧上都可以相借鑒

(二)解題

1. 推測答案性質(zhì)

在審題的過程中,就可以根據(jù)題目句子語法來先大致判定空所要填詞的詞性,數(shù)。對所要填的答案性質(zhì)有個初步的了解。

2.劃出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞,迅速定位題目所對應(yīng)的文章段落。

按著找關(guān)鍵詞的步驟——先看明顯標(biāo)志(時間,地點,大小寫,人名,轉(zhuǎn)有名詞等);再看句子中是否存在邏輯關(guān)系詞(因果,條件,轉(zhuǎn)折,遞進,對比等),有助于跟進一步判斷答案性質(zhì);如果以上兩點都不明顯或無作用,那就重點看此句子題目的主語和賓語,因為主語和賓語是最能表現(xiàn)句子的限定性的,而且多是名詞或名詞性短語,最具有穩(wěn)定性。以上本著reading for gist,記憶住劃出的題目中的關(guān)鍵詞,然后去判斷題目對應(yīng)內(nèi)容所應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的段落。例如,在劍4,第四套第一篇文章question7

According to Professor Yessis,American runners are relying for their current on --------.

其中,American作為明顯標(biāo)志的關(guān)鍵詞,即可被帶進文章去查找具體出現(xiàn)在文章的那個部分?;卦膔eading for gist 的過程中(skimming)會發(fā)現(xiàn),提起American runners 主要是在第三段,那么就迅速判斷大致答案出現(xiàn)的位置。而在題目中,“rely on”又是明顯能透露出一個因果緣由的邏輯關(guān)系,所以在再次進一步縮小范圍時會有很大幫助。最后根據(jù)“running on their genetics" 判定,答案是genetics.

同樣question9中,

Yessis links an inadequate diet to -------.

雖無上題中的明顯標(biāo)志,但看賓語的部分 inadequate diet 則知它應(yīng)是與進食營養(yǎng)的方面有關(guān)系。而文中第四段就是主要講nutrition 運動營養(yǎng)方面的問題,那么就能判定此處必有答案。

在Skimming for gist的時候,要留意第一句,第二句和最后一句。因為往往能表現(xiàn)一段主要在講什么內(nèi)容的topic sentence大多出現(xiàn)在這幾句上。所以要多留心,好幫忙快速定位。

3. 深記“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”概念

由于雅思閱讀考試的目的就是檢測考生是否有信息檢索和同義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力(paraphrase),所以在句子題目中的關(guān)鍵詞也多是同義詞近義詞的替換。例如上題中(question9)inadequate diet在文中相對的就是deficiency in minerals。文章中l(wèi)ead to injuries. 因此答案為injuries. 所以在平時的學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中就要多多積累同義近義詞,不同說法的表達(dá)方式,加強詞匯能力。這樣在scanning過程中,才可以看準(zhǔn)考察信息點,而不會因為英語基礎(chǔ)的關(guān)系而漏掉或找不到答案的出處。

4.語法推敲

在定位好答案(locating)后,一定要注意是否符合句子題目的文法規(guī)則,避免即使找到了答案,但因為詞的變形或時態(tài)的小問題而沒有拿分(scoring)

(三)注意事項

1. 字?jǐn)?shù)要求

2. Sentence completion 的答案字?jǐn)?shù)都不會很長。審題時,務(wù)必看清題目要求填one word,還是no more than two /three/four words。然后根據(jù)題目要求去自己精煉答案。

3. 原文原詞

由于是考察文章信息檢索和填補information gap的能力,基本上答案都是原文原詞。若是動詞,形容詞副詞則要留意是否依據(jù)題目語法需變形和時態(tài)。大部分多是名詞和名詞性的短語。

4. 順序性

基本與文章平行順序。答案多是考察細(xì)節(jié),但也不乏考察大體上的文章內(nèi)容。這需要reading for gist和specific info.兩者都要兼具。尤其在細(xì)節(jié)題上,了解sentence completion具有一定順序性特點,可以輔助答案在文章locating,對解題有所幫助。

剖析sentence completion,這種題型實質(zhì)看成是summary和short question的結(jié)合變形。長度比summary短,答案要比short questions要求更精準(zhǔn),但其在難度在于題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與文章中原詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。因此在解這類題中,可借鑒summary和short questions的解題方法,并且還要留心sentence completion自身的注意事項。

雅思閱讀材料大集合:北京推出霧霾險可以放心出游

Travellers to China worried that their view of the Great Wall will be obscured by Beijing’s pollution can rest easy with a “smog insurance” product being introduced this week.

前往中國的游客如果擔(dān)心長城風(fēng)景可能受到北京污染的影響,那么本周推出的“霧霾險”產(chǎn)品有望讓他們安心。

“Smog insurance” is the latest response to choking air pollution in China and follows efforts that include closing industrial plants and do-it-yourself air filter specialists dispensing advice online.

“霧霾險”是對中國令人不敢呼吸的空氣污染的最新回應(yīng),之前的努力包括政府勒令工廠停產(chǎn),以及DIY空氣過濾器專家在網(wǎng)上提供咨詢。

Panasonic, the Japanese electronics group, said last week it would offer a pollution bonus to expatriate employees working in China.

日本電子集團松下(Panasonic)上周表示,將向外派至中國工作的非中國籍員工提供污染獎金。

Li Keqiang, Chinese premier, declared a “war on pollution” in his annual speech to the legislature in March. Only three Chinese cities meet national air quality standards, two of which are on islands.

中國總理李克強3月在全國人大年會上發(fā)表講話時,宣布“向污染宣戰(zhàn)”。中國只有三個城市達(dá)到國家空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中兩個位于島上。

CTrip, an online travel agent, and Ping An, the state-owned insurance company, have teamed up to offer “smog insurance” to travellers and residents in seven cities plagued by smog. The scheme pays out when the air quality index, or AQI, exceeds set levels for two days in a row.

在線旅游代理攜程(CTrip)和國有保險公司平安(Ping An)聯(lián)手推出“霧霾險”,面向受到霧霾困擾的7個城市的游客和市民。該產(chǎn)品將在空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)(AQI)連續(xù)兩天超過設(shè)定水平時作出賠付。

A week of the index being over 300, a level deemed hazardous at prolonged exposure, yields the policy holder a free lung check while those who need hospitalisation because of it would receive Rmb1,500 ($240).

如果空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)持續(xù)一周高于300(被視為長時間接觸有危險的水平),保單持有人將得到一次免費的肺部檢查,而污染導(dǎo)致需要住院接受治療的保單持有人將得到1500元人民幣(合240美元)。

If pollution exceeds the charts, as happened this winter in the northern city of Shijiazhuang for several days, policy holders can compete for a free trip to the subtropical island of Hainan to “clear their lungs”.

如果污染達(dá)到“爆表”水平(北方城市石家莊在這個冬天有好幾天出現(xiàn)這樣的情況),保單持有人有機會獲取海南“洗肺”旅游。

It is not unknown for cities in northern China to see pollution in hazardous levels for a week at a time, particularly in the winter. But Ping An is on safer ground in the springtime, when breezes and bright skies tend to keep the AQI within more comfortable limits.

在冬季的華北城市,危險級別的污染持續(xù)一周的情況并非罕見。但春天意味著平安保險較有把握:微風(fēng)和明媚的天空往往使空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)保持在比較舒適的范圍內(nèi)。

Haikou, the capital of subtropical Hainan Island, Zhoushan, on an archipelago south of Shanghai that consists of 1,390 islands and 1.1m inhabitants, and Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, were the only three to meet national standards in a survey of 74 of the largest cities, the vice minister for the environment said this month.

中國環(huán)保部副部長本月表示,全國74個城市的全年監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示,僅3個城市達(dá)到空氣質(zhì)量二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這3個城市是:???地處亞熱帶的海南島的首府)、舟山(上海以南的一個群島,共有1390個島嶼和110萬居民),以及西藏首府拉薩。

The air quality index assesses the level of air pollution with a grading system from 0 to 500. The higher the value, the more polluted the air and the greater the health concern: 50 represents good air quality with little potential to affect public health and over 300 is well within the hazardous range.

空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)采用從0到500的數(shù)值來評估空氣污染水平。該值越高,空氣污染就越嚴(yán)重,健康擔(dān)憂就更大: 50代表空氣質(zhì)量狀況屬于優(yōu),不致影響公眾健康,而超過300就進入危險范圍了。

The air in Beijing on Thursday was rated “good” by the US embassy and “excellent” on the Chinese index.

周四,北京的空氣被美國大使館評為“良好”,被中國的指數(shù)評為“優(yōu)”。

雅思閱讀材料大集合:八個方法支撐你度過困難時期

No matter what problem you're facing, tough times happen to the best of us. Whether it's financial trouble or just an overall bad day, finding positivity in a daunting situation is the key to overcoming it. It may be hard to look on the bright side, especially when things aren't going as expected, but everything passes in time. If you need a boost of happiness to help you through the day, be sure to remember these things:

不管你正在面臨什么問題,即使是最幸運的人也會遇到困難時期。不管是經(jīng)濟問題或者只是倒霉的一天,關(guān)鍵在于我們要在不順的環(huán)境里找到正能量!有時候,我們很難凡事都往好處想,特別是在事情進展不順的時候,但是一切都會過去的。如果你需要一點幸福感來支撐你度過今天,記住以下這些事情:

1. Accept it.

接受現(xiàn)實。

Although it may seem challenging to accept a negative situation, it's your best bet in moving toward a resolution. You can't change what already happened; you can only focus on how to improve the circumstances now.

雖然讓你接受一個消極的境遇很有挑戰(zhàn)性,但這是讓你找到解決方案的最好的措施了。你不能改變已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,你只能集中精力尋找改善情況的方法。

2. Don't waste time dwelling on it.

不要浪費時間老是想著問題。

Dwelling on a problem can only make it bigger than it already is. Not only will you feel worse in the long run, but also, you'll lose valuable time when you could be working toward a solution. Don't let a bad situation get the best of you — take steps to let it go.

老想著一個問題只會讓問題變得比實際更嚴(yán)重。你不僅會覺得越來越糟糕,而且你浪費了本可以用來想出解決方案的寶貴時間。不要讓壞情況阻礙你,隨它去吧。

3. Don't compare yourself to others.

不要拿自己和別人比。

According to a quote from Steven Furtick, "The reason why we struggle with insecurity is because we compare our behind the scenes with everyone's highlight reel." When you're struggling through a tough situation, comparing yourself is the last thing you should be doing. You have no idea what struggles another person could be going through, so instead of comparing, you should look at the happiness within yourself.

作家史蒂文·富蒂克說過:“我們?nèi)狈Π踩校且驗槲覀兛偸悄米约翰缓玫牡胤脚c別人的長處對比。” 當(dāng)你在艱難的環(huán)境里掙扎的時候,你最不該做的事兒就是和別人比較。你根本不知道其他人正在經(jīng)歷什么樣的掙扎,所以與其比較,不如多關(guān)注一下自己的快樂。

4. Make a plan of action.

制定一個行動計劃。

The best way to overcome a negative time is to be determined to find a way out of it. If you don't like the way something is, do what you can in your power to change it. In financial situations, you can work on a budget and prioritize your costs. In a fight with a loved one, you can take some time to cool down and amend things by talking it out.

度過困難時期的最佳方法就是下定決心戰(zhàn)勝它。如果你不喜歡某件事,發(fā)揮你的力量來改變它吧。對于經(jīng)濟問題,你可以做一個預(yù)算并安排一下各項開銷的順序。如果是跟愛人吵架了,你要花點時間來冷靜一下,然后把問題說出來才能解決它。

5. Recognize positive things in your life.

發(fā)現(xiàn)你生活中積極的事物。

While it may feel like your world is crashing around you, this rough time does not, ultimately, define your life. From family to being healthy, it's best to recognize the positive things in your life. It definitely helps ease the pain of a negative situation.

你可能覺得自己的世界都要崩塌了,但是一次這樣的艱難時刻并不會定義你的人生。不管是一個美滿的家庭或是自己的健康,最好要發(fā)現(xiàn)你生活中這些積極的事物,這絕對可以幫助你減輕在困難環(huán)境里的痛苦。

6. Acknowledge you're not alone.

明白自己不是一個人在戰(zhàn)斗。

Having a support system is essential for any tough moment. Family members, significant others, and best friends are the people you should confide in when going through a distressing time. These people are the ones who know you best and can give you advice from an outside perspective. Besides, it doesn't hurt having someone you love and care for in your corner rooting you on.

在困難的時候,一個強大的后援團是很重要的。家人、另一半或者好朋友都是你在經(jīng)歷痛苦時可以傾訴的人。這些人是最懂你的人,可以從旁觀者的角度來給你一些建議。而且,讓你愛的人或者你關(guān)心的人給你一點支持,總不會有什么壞處。

7. Learn from it.

從中學(xué)習(xí)。

There's always something to be learned from every experience you go through, good or bad. Take some time to reflect on the situation, how you reacted, and what you can do if you ever go through it again. Collecting all this knowledge could even help you avoid the situation in the future or assist a friend who is going through something similar.

無論好壞,你總能從每次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)到一些事情?;ㄐr間來反思一下當(dāng)時的處境、你是如何應(yīng)對的還有如果重頭來一次,你會怎么做?前事不忘,后事之師,以后你還能幫助遇到相同情況的朋友呢。

8. Look to the future.

展望未來。

Now that all is said and done, it's time to start looking ahead to the future. Leave the past behind you, and begin looking to a brighter tomorrow. Change begins and ends with you, and clinging to a past event won't help alter it. Work on building a better future for yourself; it all starts with a positive mindset.

該說的該做的都完成了,現(xiàn)在是時候開始展望未來了。拋開過去,開始眺望一個更加燦爛的明天!你決定自己生活里的一切變化,沉溺過去是不會幫助你改變處境的。努力為自己建造更美好的未來;一切從一個積極的心態(tài)開始!


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