春節(jié)的英文版介紹
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春節(jié)的由來
Chinese Spring Festival, also called Lunar New Year, has more than 4,000 years of history. Being one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it is the grandest and the most important festival for Chinese people. It is also the time for the whole families to get together, which is similar with Christmas Day to the westerners.
中國的春節(jié)，也被稱為農(nóng)歷新年，迄今已有四千多年的歷史。對(duì)于中國人來說，這是規(guī)模最大，最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。就如同西方的圣誕節(jié)一樣，春節(jié)是一家團(tuán)聚的日子。
Originating during the Shang Dynasty (about 17th - 11th century BC), Spring Festival, which celebrates family reunion, is full of rich and colorful activities, and hopes with the advent of spring and flowers blossoming. People from different regions and different ethnic groups celebrate it in their unique ways.
春節(jié)起源于商朝(公元前11-17世紀(jì))，為了慶祝全家團(tuán)圓和表達(dá)對(duì)春暖花開的期盼，節(jié)日期間會(huì)準(zhǔn)備豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。不同地區(qū)和不同少數(shù)民族人們會(huì)用自己獨(dú)特的方式慶祝這一傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。
Legends
春節(jié)傳說
There are many legends about Spring Festival in Chinese culture. In folk culture, it is also called “guonian” (meaning “passing a year”). It is said that the “nian” (year) was a strong monster which was fierce and cruel and ate one kind of animal including human being a day. Human beings were scared about it and had to hide on the evening when the “nian” came out. Later, people found that “nian” was very scared about the red color and fireworks. So after that, people use red color and fireworks or firecrackers to drive away “nian”. As a result, the custom of using red color and setting off fireworks remains.
中國文化中有很多關(guān)于春節(jié)的傳說。在傳統(tǒng)文化中，春節(jié)亦被稱為“過年”。傳說“年”是一種兇猛異常的怪物，每天都會(huì)吃一種動(dòng)物(包括人)。人們非常懼怕他，當(dāng)“年”夜間出來活動(dòng)時(shí)，人們會(huì)找地方躲起來。后來，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)“年”非常害怕紅色和爆竹，于是，人們用紅色和鞭炮來驅(qū)趕“年”。久而久之，春節(jié)用大紅色和放鞭炮的習(xí)俗就保留了下來。
Festivities Schedule
春節(jié)活動(dòng)
Preparing the New Year starts 7 days before the New Year’s Eve. According to Chinese lunar calendar, people start to clean the house on Dec. 24, butcher on Dec. 26th and so on. People have certain things to do on each day. These activities will end Jan. 15th of the lunar calendar.
新年的準(zhǔn)備工作在除夕前的七天就開始了。根據(jù)中國農(nóng)歷，人們從臘月二十四開始打掃屋子，二十六日殺豬宰羊等等。每一天都有不同的活動(dòng)，所有這些活動(dòng)將在正月十五結(jié)束。
Taboos
春節(jié)禁忌
The Spring Festival is a start for a new year, so it is regarded as the omen of a year. People have many taboos during this period. Many bad words related to “death”, “broken”, “killing”, “ghost” and “illness” or “sickness” are forbidden during conversations. In some places, there are more specific details. They consider it unlucky if the barrel of rice is empty, because they think they will have nothing to eat in the next year. Taking medicine is forbidden on this day, otherwise, people will have sick for the whole year and take medicine constantly.
春節(jié)是新的一年的開始，預(yù)示著一年的運(yùn)氣，所以過年期間有很多禁忌，比如“死”“破”“殺”“鬼”“病”這類字眼是談話中要避免的。在某些地方還有一些特殊的禁忌，比如新年米缸空了不是好兆頭，因?yàn)檫@預(yù)示著新的一年將沒東西吃，春節(jié)那天也不能吃藥，這會(huì)預(yù)示著新的一年疾病產(chǎn)生，醫(yī)藥不斷。
春節(jié)正月習(xí)俗的英文介紹
The Chinese New Year celebrations are marked by visits to kin, relatives and friends, a practice known as "new-year visits" (Chinese: 拜年; pinyin: bài nián). New clothes are usually worn to signify a new year. The colour red is liberally used in all decorations. Red packets are given to juniors and children by the married and elders. See Symbolism below for more explanation.
Preceding days 春節(jié)前
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On the days before the New Year celebration Chinese families give their home a thorough cleaning. There is a Cantonese saying "Wash away the dirt on ninyabaat" (年廿八，洗邋遢), but the practice is not usually restricted on nin'ya'baat (年廿八, the 28th day of month 12). It is believed the cleaning sweeps away the bad luck of the preceding year and makes their homes ready for good luck. Brooms and dust pans are put away on the first day so that luck cannot be swept away. Some people give their homes, doors and window-frames a new coat of red paint. Homes are often decorated with paper cutouts of Chinese auspicious phrases and couplets. Purchasing new clothing, shoes, and receiving a hair-cut also symbolize a fresh start.
In many households where Buddhism or Taoism is prevalent, home altars and statues are cleaned thoroughly, and altars that were adorned with decorations from the previous year are also taken down and burned a week before the new year starts, and replaced with new decorations. Taoists (and Buddhists to a lesser extent) will also "send gods" (送神), an example would be burning a paper effigy of Zao Jun the Kitchen God, the recorder of family functions. This is done so that the Kitchen God can report to the Jade Emperor of the family household's transgressions and good deeds. Families often offer sweet foods (such as candy) in order to "bribe" the deities into reporting good things about the family.
The biggest event of any Chinese New Year's Eve is the dinner every family will have. A dish consisting of fish will appear on the tables of Chinese families. It is for display for the New Year's Eve dinner. This meal is comparable to Christmas dinner in the West. In northern China, it is customary to make dumplings (jiaozi 餃子) after dinner and have it around midnight. Dumplings symbolize wealth because their shape is like a Chinese tael. By contrast, in the South, it is customary to make a new year cake (Niangao, 年糕) after dinner and send pieces of it as gifts to relatives and friends in the coming days of the new year. Niangao literally means increasingly prosperous year in year out. After the dinner, some families go to local temples, hours before the new year begins to pray for a prosperous new year by lighting the first incense of the year; however in modern practice, many households hold parties and even hold a countdown to the new lunar year. Beginning in the 1980s, the CCTV New Year's Gala was broadcast four hours before the start of the New Year.
介紹春節(jié)習(xí)俗
Sweeping the Dust
掃塵
To clean houses is a very old custom dating back to thousands of years ago. The dust is traditionally associated with “old” so cleaning their houses and sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “old” and usher in the “new”. Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean their houses, sweeping the floor, washing daily things and cleaning the spider webs. People do all these things happily in the hope of a good coming year.
打掃房屋這個(gè)非常古老的習(xí)俗可以追溯到幾千年前。灰塵在中國傳統(tǒng)中與“舊”聯(lián)系在一起，所以打掃房屋和掃除灰塵意味著辭“舊”迎“新”。春節(jié)的前幾天，中國的各家各戶都要打掃房屋、掃地、清洗日用品、清除蛛網(wǎng)。人們興高采烈地做這些事情，希望來年能擁有好運(yùn)。
House Decoration裝飾房屋
One of the house decorations is to post Spring Festival couplets on doors. On the Spring Festival couplets, good wishes are expressed.
裝飾房屋的方式之一就是在門上貼春聯(lián)。人們會(huì)在春聯(lián)上寫下美好的祝愿。
People in north China are used to posting paper-cuts on their windows. When sticking the window decoration paper-cuts, people paste on the door large red Chinese character "fu". A red "fu" means good luck and fortune.
在中國北方，人們習(xí)慣于在窗戶上貼剪紙。同時(shí)在大門上貼上大大的紅色漢字“福”字，一個(gè)紅色“福”字意味著好運(yùn)和財(cái)富。
New Year’s Eve Dinner
年夜飯
Spring Festival is a time for family reunion. New Year’s Eve Dinner is "a must" banquet with all the family members getting together. In south China, It is customary to eat "niangao" (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher every year". In the north, a traditional dish for the dinner is "Jiaozi".
春節(jié)是與家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)間。年夜飯是家庭成員聚在一起吃的團(tuán)圓飯。在中國南方，習(xí)慣吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕點(diǎn))，因?yàn)樽鳛橥糇郑旮庖馕吨安讲礁呱?。在北方，年夜飯的傳統(tǒng)食物是“餃子”。
Staying Up Late (Shousui)
熬夜(守歲)
Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve. After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Year's arrival.
守歲意味著除夕夜不睡覺。年夜飯后，家人聚坐在一起，愉快地聊天，等待春節(jié)的到來。
Lucky Money壓歲錢
It is the money given to kids from their parents and grandparents as New Year gift. The money is believed to bring good luck, ward off monsters; hence the name "lucky money". Parents and grandparents first put money in small, especially-made red envelopes and give the red envelopes to their kids after the New Year’s Eve Dinner or when they come to visit them on the New Year. They choose to put the money in red envelopes because Chinese people think red is a lucky color.
壓歲錢是孩子們的父母和祖父母給他們作為春節(jié)禮物的錢。據(jù)說壓歲錢能帶來好運(yùn)，能驅(qū)魔。因此，就有了“壓歲錢”的稱呼。父母和祖父母會(huì)提前把錢放入特制的小紅包里，年夜飯后或當(dāng)孩子們來拜年時(shí)，將紅包發(fā)給他們。他們之所以要把錢放到紅包里，是因?yàn)橹袊苏J(rèn)為紅色是個(gè)幸運(yùn)色。
the CCTV New Year's Gala
春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)
The New Year's Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television(CCTV)since 1983. For every year since then at the turn of the New Year, the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people. For over thrity years, its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.
春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)是中央電視臺(tái)(CCTV)自1983年開始舉辦的文藝晚會(huì)。每年除夕夜，晚會(huì)從晚上8:00開始播出，持續(xù)五到六個(gè)小時(shí)。它給數(shù)十億人帶來了歡笑。三十多年來，它的價(jià)值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了節(jié)目本身。對(duì)于海內(nèi)外的華人來說，這是必不可少的娛樂活動(dòng)。
New Year Greetings拜年
On the first day of the new year, it’s customary for the younger generations to visit the elders, wishing them healthy and longevity.
按照傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣，春節(jié)第一天，晚輩要拜見長輩，祝愿他們健康長壽。