托福口語備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再決定
托?？谡Z備考是否可以練習英音?按照官方的要求來看，口音對成績沒有影響，只要練好即可。那大家在備考中應該選擇哪種口音來練習呢?建議大家先了解兩種發(fā)音的區(qū)別。
托福口語備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再決定
1.在ask, can't, dance, fast, half, path 這一類的單詞中，英國人將字母a 讀作[a:]，而美國人則讀作[?]，所以這些詞在美國人口中就成了[?sk][k?nt][d?ns][f?st][h?f]和[p??]。
2.在box, crop, hot, ironic, polish, spot這一類單詞中，英國人將字母o讀作[)],而美國人則將o讀作近似[a:]音的[a]。所以這些詞在美國人讀起來就成了[baks][krap][hat][ai'ranik][paliJ] 和[spat]。
3.輔音字母r在單詞中是否讀音是英語與美語的又一明顯差異。在英語的r音節(jié)中不含卷舌音[r]，而美語的r音節(jié)中含卷舌音[r]，如下列詞在英語和美語中讀音是不同的：
英語讀音 美語讀音
car [ka:] [kar]
door [d):] [dor]
river [‘riv2] [‘riv2r]
party [‘pa:ti] [‘parti]
board [b):d] [bord]
dirty [‘d2ti] [‘d2rti]
morning [‘m):ni9] [‘morni9]
英語中只有在far away, for ever, far and wide等連讀情況下，字母r才明顯的讀作卷舌音[r]: [fa:r2‘wei][f2‘rev2][far2ndwaid]。
4.在以-ary或-ory結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞中，英國人通常將a或o弱讀，而美國人不僅不弱讀，還要將a或o所在的音節(jié)加上次重音，所以這些詞在英語和美語中不僅讀音有差異，節(jié)奏也顯然不同，例如：
英語讀音 美語讀音
dictionary [‘dikJ2n2ri] [‘dikJ2nori]
laboratory [le‘b):r2tri] [‘l?br2,tori]
necessarily [‘nesis2rili] [,nesi‘serili]
preparatory [pri‘p?r2t2ri] [pri‘p?r2,tori]
secretary [‘sekr2tri] [‘sekr2,tori]
5.在以-ile結(jié)尾的另一類單詞中，英國人將尾音節(jié)中的字母i讀作長音[ai];而美國人則弱讀作[2]，例如：
英語讀音 美語讀音
docile [‘dousail] [‘das2l]
fertile [‘f2tail] [‘f2rtl]
fragile [‘fr?d3ail] [‘fr?d32l]
hostile [‘hostail] [‘hastl]
missile [‘misail] [‘mis2l]
除此之外，另有一些難于歸類的單詞在英語和美語中讀音也各有不同：
英語讀音 美語讀音
clerk [kla:k] [kl2rk]
either [‘a(chǎn)i92] [‘i:92r]
figure [‘fig2] [‘figj2r]
issue [‘isju:] [‘iJu:]
leisure [‘le32] [‘li:32r]
neither [‘nai92] [‘ni:92r]
schedule [‘Jedju:l] [‘sked32l]
元音：
英語和美語的發(fā)音最大的區(qū)別之一在它們對渾元音(schwa，音標中的倒寫e，)的處理。英語中，渾元音在單元音中常通發(fā)生在一些非重讀的短音a (如 about)和短音er(如computer)上。美語中的er很少為渾元音，并有時對短音i(如sentimental,actuality)和u(如 wuss)，甚至短音的oo(如：hooker)采用了渾元音。(這四個例子在英語中的發(fā)音分別為, [i], [u:], [u])渾元音的讀音是不定的，但是聽起來差不多像一個急促的介于“俄”和“啊”的發(fā)音。
英語和美語的發(fā)音最具代表性的區(qū)別是對er的發(fā)音的不同。英語中，短音的er是如上所述的渾元音，但長音的er也不過是個拉長了的渾元音，聽起來是一個很夸張的介于“俄”和“啊”的聲音。而美語中，er聽起來怎么都是個“兒”音(例外是一些俗語中發(fā)成渾元音)。
ar：除了輕讀短音(如singular)和者后連元音(如clarity)，英語的ar全部清一色的長音[a:]，而美語中，是“阿爾”。事實上，凡是有r在一個音節(jié)尾部的時候，美英發(fā)音通常都是不一樣的，如tour(英：吐啊，美：吐兒)，tear(英：踢啊，美：踢兒)，pair(英：pe 啊，美： pe兒)。甚至在剛才提到的clarity中，英語['kleriti],美語['kle兒r(er)ti]
托福獨立口語范文:領(lǐng)導與員工的友誼
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: a boss or a manager should not form close friendship with their employees.
托?？谡Z范文:
Sample answer:
Well, I agree with the statement. Because managers who try to be friends with their staff run into all sorts of problems. A manager’s job is to evaluate staff’s work, give them feedback and make decisions. If the boss makes friends with an employee. Others will think the employee has an unfair advantage at performance review time, thus resentment will start to build up. What’s more, when it comes time for promotions, the employee may have an expectation that as a friend, the boss will promote him or her. While the boss should choose the best person for the job, not a friend. This could create tension in and out of the workplace.
托福獨立口語范文:處理朋友矛盾
Describe the best way for you to deal with disagreement with your friend.
托?？谡Z范文:
No matter how close two friends are, there is a chance to have a disagreement on some issues. I believe the best way to solve the problem is to have a direct communication with each other. For me, when I have different ideas with my best friend Alisa like where to have dinner, which movie to watch, or maybe just a math problem. I would choose to ask her reasons beyond her opinion. If she had sufficient reasons to support her idea I would forget my opinion and follow her suggestion. If not, I would insist mine. Without a timely communication, the misunderstanding can lead to further disagreement, and that will finally ruin our friendship.
托福獨立口語范文:選擇專業(yè)的時間
Which do you think is better? Deciding on your major before entering college or after taking some courses?
托?？谡Z范文:
I think college students should choose their majors after finishing some courses. First, most senior high students are quite confused about their career perspectives after they graduate from high school. Few of them know what their real interests are since what they leant in the high school are quite basic. However, after taking some courses in the first year in the college, they get to know what they are passionate about. On the other hand, if the freshmen just rush into some areas that they are not good at, they will definitely regret and it’s a waste of time to switch major halfway.
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