大雁塔中英文導(dǎo)游詞(2)
大雁塔中英文導(dǎo)游詞篇3
大雁塔景區(qū)是一處佛教圣地，是國(guó)家AAAA級(jí)景區(qū)，與唐代高僧玄奘法師有密切的關(guān)系，唐僧取經(jīng)譯經(jīng)的故事就發(fā)生在這里。所有佛教寺院，都是僧眾供佛、禮佛、誦經(jīng)的道場(chǎng)，而大慈恩寺、大雁塔與其他寺院相比究竟有什么特別之處呢?古今中外和尚如云、高僧無(wú)數(shù)，那么唐僧玄奘何許人也?唐僧取經(jīng)的故事為什么廣為流傳，今天大家參觀過(guò)這個(gè)景區(qū)后，就會(huì)找到以上問(wèn)題的答案。相信大家都知道《西游記》唐僧取經(jīng)的故事吧? 然而在這個(gè)景區(qū)卻沒(méi)有《西游記》神話中“唐僧師父”，也找不到降妖除魔的“孫悟空、豬八戒和沙和尚”。但你會(huì)感受到一個(gè)活生生的、真實(shí)的唐僧玄奘西天取經(jīng)故事。要說(shuō)玄奘何許人?我們說(shuō)他是一位頂天立地的中國(guó)人，是一個(gè)具有民族精神和愛(ài)國(guó)主義情懷的中國(guó)人。他又是一個(gè)得道的高僧，唐太宗尊稱他是“法門之領(lǐng)袖”，唐高宗稱他是“真如之冠冕”。
各位游客，我們現(xiàn)在來(lái)到了大雁塔南廣場(chǎng)。本景區(qū)由主景區(qū)即大慈恩寺、大雁塔和南北廣場(chǎng)、東西兩苑組成，占地約500畝。在廣場(chǎng)的中央矗立著一尊唐僧玄奘西天取經(jīng)的高大銅像。只見(jiàn)他氣宇軒昂，身披袈裟，手執(zhí)錫杖，邁著堅(jiān)定的步伐，好象正奔波在西行取經(jīng)的路途上。身后就是他開(kāi)創(chuàng)的慈恩祖庭，是他主持的譯經(jīng)道場(chǎng)大慈恩寺，以及他所修建的大雁塔。
玄奘(602-664年)，俗姓陳名祎，河南偃師人，自幼聰慧超群，勤奮好學(xué)。13歲被朝廷破格錄取，在洛陽(yáng)凈土寺剃度為僧。玄奘先后周游全國(guó)十余省，遍訪十余位高僧名賢，拜學(xué)經(jīng)典，窮盡各家學(xué)說(shuō)，譽(yù)滿京師，被譽(yù)為“釋門偉器和佛門千里駒。” 在全國(guó)各地游學(xué)后，他回顧佛教傳入中國(guó)600年以來(lái)、佛經(jīng)殘缺不全，教義分歧，派別紛爭(zhēng)的狀況。玄奘在對(duì)佛經(jīng)研習(xí)中，對(duì)佛經(jīng)的質(zhì)疑之處多達(dá)百余條。他決意到佛教發(fā)源地---天竺國(guó)，也就是現(xiàn)今的印度，去探求佛教的精蘊(yùn)，以解眾疑，弘揚(yáng)佛法。公元627年他結(jié)伴上表奏請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)赴印求法，未得到朝廷的批準(zhǔn)。其他人紛紛退縮，而他不為所動(dòng)，矢志不改，并且利用出國(guó)之前3年時(shí)間，從佛經(jīng)研究、語(yǔ)言梵文及物質(zhì)精神等方面作了充分準(zhǔn)備。遂違禁出關(guān)，即違法偷渡出境，晝伏夜行，只身前往，開(kāi)始了他西天取經(jīng)的艱難歷程和傳奇故事。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家繼續(xù)參觀。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到大慈恩寺，寺院的正門稱為山門，也叫三門，分別稱為空門、無(wú)作門、無(wú)相門，象征著佛教的三解脫之門。大家看，門上的牌匾是江澤民同志親自題寫的“大慈恩寺”幾個(gè)金光閃閃的大字。慈恩寺創(chuàng)建于隋開(kāi)皇九年(公元589年)，初名“無(wú)漏寺”.公元648年，唐高宗李治作太子時(shí)，為其母以追薦冥福修建寺院，故得名“慈恩寺”。寺院雖系太子李治為其母追福而建，也表達(dá)了其父唐太宗懷念文德皇后的心愿。唐太宗和文德皇后從小結(jié)發(fā)，情深意長(zhǎng)，13歲即“嬪于太宗”，當(dāng)時(shí)太宗李世民才17歲。太宗即位時(shí)，立其為皇后。文德皇后為人賢良正直，顧全大局，嚴(yán)于律已，她為了大唐社稷，力避裙帶之嫌，她堅(jiān)持不愿自己兄弟子侄擔(dān)任朝廷要職。而對(duì)于魏征、房玄齡等忠勇良臣，卻全力保諫愛(ài)護(hù)?；屎蟮纳昝鞔罅x，正直賢慧，成為大唐貞觀盛世的良佐棟梁。在臨終遺言時(shí)還強(qiáng)調(diào)“不可厚葬，儉薄送終”。如此賢淑開(kāi)朗，確不愧為一位有膽識(shí)、有胸懷的女政治家。對(duì)文德皇后的去世，太宗十分悲慟，向近臣表白：“朕非不知天命而無(wú)益之悲，但入宮不復(fù)聞規(guī)諫之言，失一良佐，故不能忘懷耳!”所以大慈恩寺的創(chuàng)建，實(shí)際是唐太宗父子兩代為文德皇后祈福之舉，也是唐王朝對(duì)一代賢后的紀(jì)念。
唐代大慈恩寺位于長(zhǎng)安城南晉昌坊東半部，約398畝，總共1897間，僧眾300，為長(zhǎng)安規(guī)模宏偉之佛教寺院之一。在慈恩寺建成之初，朝廷特地迎請(qǐng)從印度取經(jīng)回到長(zhǎng)安、正在弘福寺譯經(jīng)的玄奘擔(dān)任寺院的上座住持，大慈恩寺遂成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)佛教界的最高學(xué)府而輝煌一時(shí)。唐末以后因戰(zhàn)事不斷，寺院逐漸荒蕪，經(jīng)歷代多次維修，至公元1446年，才奠定了今日寺院規(guī)模。
現(xiàn)在寺院的范圍東西闊160米左右，南北長(zhǎng)318米左右，共計(jì)93畝，該寺院主要建筑，由南向北依次排列著山門、鐘鼓樓、東西配殿、法堂藏經(jīng)樓，大雁塔及玄奘三藏院。東西兩側(cè)分別為方丈院、僧院、寺管院、文管院等。
我們大家走進(jìn)山門，可以看到鐘、鼓二樓對(duì)峙，東側(cè)鐘樓內(nèi)懸掛有一口鐵鑄的“雁塔晨鐘”。該鐘鑄造于公元l548年，鐘上鑄有“雁塔晨鐘”4個(gè)蒼勁的大字，這口雁塔晨鐘自造成啟用至今天，一直作為大慈恩寺行儀規(guī)范，是本寺佛教活動(dòng)和眾僧生活的組成部分。晨鐘作為佛教大型法器，是召集眾僧進(jìn)行法事之用。寺院僧人們每天聞鐘而起，聞鼓而眠。當(dāng)拂曉時(shí)分，晨鐘那洪亮的陣陣鐘聲劃破晨曦朝霞，回繞在西安城南上空，共敲3陣，每陣36響，共鳴108響，表示斷除塵世人生108種煩惱，祈禱盛世太平、萬(wàn)民安樂(lè)、五谷豐登。
西側(cè)鼓樓懸掛一面大鼓，寺院稱為暮鼓，為橫置座鼓形式，鐘、鼓均為寺院大型法器。東西配殿原為東觀音殿，現(xiàn)為客堂，西為地藏殿。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到大雄寶殿參觀。高臺(tái)上的大雄寶殿為寺院的中心建筑，大雄寶殿的匾額金光閃閃，系已故中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)趙樸初先生所書(shū)。大殿前香火興旺，大殿內(nèi)供奉有佛祖三身佛像，中為法身佛毗盧遮那佛，西為法身佛盧舍那佛，東為應(yīng)身佛釋迦牟尼佛。佛像兩側(cè)是佛的弟子，東為迦葉，西為阿難，兩旁還有普賢菩薩塑像和文殊菩薩像，均為明代雕塑，分別象征真理和智慧。另外東西兩廂排列著包括玄奘在內(nèi)的18尊羅漢像，此種排列是將佛的16位聲聞尊者與其說(shuō)者慶友、譯者玄奘共列為18羅漢，為我國(guó)18羅漢較早的排列形式，以后還有其它排列形式。羅漢是小乘佛教修行的最高境界，指已消除一切煩惱進(jìn)入涅槃,不再生死輪回，應(yīng)受天人供養(yǎng)者。羅漢的三義即為：殺界，就是斷絕貪、嗔、癡等一切煩惱;應(yīng)供。應(yīng)受外人供養(yǎng);不生，永遠(yuǎn)進(jìn)入涅槃，不再進(jìn)入生死輪回。在大殿供奉的主尊背后塑有立于大海鰲頭之上的南海觀音菩薩像及眾菩薩、龍女、木叉等150身人物，還有善財(cái)童子53參求法學(xué)道故事，生動(dòng)有趣，生動(dòng)展示出南海之中普陀洛伽山觀音菩薩說(shuō)法道場(chǎng)的蓬萊仙境。
在大雄寶殿西側(cè)墻壁上鑲嵌著幾通“雁塔題名記”碑，象這樣的雁塔題名碑在我景區(qū)有幾十通。“雁塔題名”始于唐代，指得是在長(zhǎng)安考中的狀元和進(jìn)士，齊集大雁塔題名，以及武舉在小雁塔題名的文化活動(dòng)，明嘉靖十九年(1540年)陜西鄉(xiāng)試題名碑文就有：“名題雁塔天地間第一流人第一等事也。”唐代詩(shī)人白居易在公元800年考中進(jìn)士后賦詩(shī)道：“慈恩塔下題名處，十七人中最少年。”一時(shí)成為佳話。人稱“寒酸孟夫子”的孟郊，在46歲才中進(jìn)士，他賦詩(shī)曰：“昔日齷齪不足夸，今朝放蕩思無(wú)涯。春風(fēng)得意馬蹄疾，一日看盡長(zhǎng)安花。”他登科后“春風(fēng)得意”的著名詩(shī)句，成為膾炙人口的美談。
在古都長(zhǎng)安雁塔題名活動(dòng)雖延續(xù)一千多年，而進(jìn)士題名僅僅延續(xù)到唐末。因?yàn)樽蕴颇┮院蟾鞒鞔L(zhǎng)安城不再是國(guó)都京城，陜甘兩省鄉(xiāng)試舉人仿效唐進(jìn)士雅舉在雁塔進(jìn)行題名活動(dòng)。在大慈恩寺院內(nèi)和大雁塔上，至今尚存的明清兩朝鄉(xiāng)試舉人題名碑有73通。另外在薦福寺小雁塔院內(nèi)至今也保存有明清武舉題名碑17通，也稱“雁塔題名”。因?yàn)樵诖笮⊙闼滦迫祟}名于塔壁、頗具唐風(fēng)遺韻，后來(lái)逐漸形成為文題大雁塔、武題小雁塔。這些都是研究我國(guó)科學(xué)制度的歷史資料。
大殿北面為兩層高的法堂藏經(jīng)樓，上層藏有玄奘曾翻譯的經(jīng)卷，下為法堂，供奉著一尊阿彌陀佛像，系明代銅鑄鎏金佛像。法堂還陳列著玄奘供奉的佛座、玄奘負(fù)笈圖及窺基、圓測(cè)碑拓畫(huà)像等。圓測(cè)市新羅國(guó)王孫，由年出家來(lái)到中國(guó)后，從學(xué)于玄奘門下;窺基是玄奘嫡傳弟子，本是開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)孜具t恭的侄子，每當(dāng)出門有三車廂隨，故有“三車和尚”的綽號(hào)。由此可見(jiàn)玄奘在當(dāng)時(shí)的名聲與地位。
現(xiàn)在，大家來(lái)到大雁塔腳下，大雁塔原稱慈恩寺浮圖。玄奘法師為了妥善保存從印度取經(jīng)帶回的大量佛經(jīng)和佛舍利，于公元652年附圖表上奏，經(jīng)朝廷批準(zhǔn)，在本寺西院，建造5層佛塔。每層皆存舍利，共一萬(wàn)余粒。玄奘法師親自參加建塔勞動(dòng)，搬運(yùn)磚石，歷時(shí)兩年才建成。
至于“雁塔”的名稱由來(lái)，有數(shù)種說(shuō)法。而玄奘自己編撰的《大唐西域記》中所述的佛教故事最為可信。據(jù)玄奘的《大唐西域記》記載，佛教在早期分大乘和小乘兩宗，大乘戒食肉，小乘不戒。古印度摩揭陀國(guó)有一座王舍城，城外帝釋山上有一寺院，寺院和尚信奉小乘教，一天，中午將過(guò)，眾僧饑腸轆轆，午飯尚未著落，甚為埋怨。有一和尚忽見(jiàn)空中群雁飛過(guò)，隨口出戲言：我等諸僧多日沒(méi)有吃肉了，若菩薩有靈，應(yīng)知我們的困境呀!話音剛落，即見(jiàn)頭雁退著飛，到了這個(gè)僧人前便折斷翅膀掉了下來(lái)，眾僧人大驚，明白是如來(lái)設(shè)法教育他們，眾僧急忙跪拜，并將那只雁葬于院中。上建一塔，取名雁塔，從此歸信大乘，不再吃肉。這就是雁塔名稱的由來(lái)。“雁塔”一詞前加一“大”字，一是因塔的建筑宏偉壯麗，二是后建的薦福寺塔也隨著稱為雁塔，為了區(qū)別，遂分別稱為大雁塔、小雁塔。玄奘在印度求法時(shí)，還專程前往參禮了這座有名的雁塔。
玄奘法師親自組織建造的這座佛塔，因磚表土心，風(fēng)雨剝蝕，40多年后逐漸毀壞。武則天長(zhǎng)安年間(公元701--704年)女皇武則天和王公貴戚施錢重建。遂將大雁塔改建為七層寶塔，人稱七級(jí)浮圖，較前更加莊嚴(yán)雄偉。人們常說(shuō)得：“救人一命，勝造七級(jí)浮圖”，概由此而來(lái)。
千百年來(lái)，大雁塔一直是古城西安的象征和標(biāo)志性建筑。高聳入云的大雁塔，象征著玄奘法師崇高的人格品質(zhì)和偉大精神。
大雁塔是典型的仿木構(gòu)樓閣式磚塔，更以“唐僧取經(jīng)”故事馳名中外。大雁塔由塔座、塔身、塔剎組成，通高為64.7米，門楣門框上雕刻有唐代線刻畫(huà)。四門楣分別以流暢生動(dòng)的陰刻線雕有佛、菩薩、金剛力士畫(huà)像。特別是西門楣線刻畫(huà)中，那講經(jīng)說(shuō)法的佛祖，神情端莊慈祥，30尊各路菩薩神態(tài)自若、栩栩如生。是今天我們研究唐代建筑、佛教藝術(shù)和歷史文化的珍貴資料。
在雄偉的大雁塔底層南門洞兩側(cè)嵌置著唐太宗所撰“大唐三藏圣教序”碑，和唐高宗作太子時(shí)所撰“大唐三藏圣教序記”碑，兩通“二圣”豐碑，均由當(dāng)時(shí)的中書(shū)令(宰相職)褚遂良所書(shū)。像這樣兩碑碑文和碑額都相對(duì)排列，左右對(duì)稱。鑲嵌于佛塔，這是絕無(wú)僅有的。碑文下方又雕刻有衣帶飄逸，舞姿飛動(dòng)的舞樂(lè)天人，細(xì)看“序”碑樂(lè)師所執(zhí)樂(lè)器為管樂(lè)，而“記”碑樂(lè)器為弦樂(lè)。如此天樂(lè)舞姿，猶如佛國(guó)仙境。
有人稱雁塔圣教序碑為“二圣三絕碑”。一是二圣御撰——太宗李世民撰《序》，太子李治撰《記》之威名，二是玄奘取經(jīng)——贊揚(yáng)玄奘西天取經(jīng)宣揚(yáng)佛法之內(nèi)容，三是大家書(shū)法——褚遂良之書(shū)法名作，四是立于皇都——長(zhǎng)安城內(nèi)佛門大慈恩寺的莊嚴(yán)神圣之地。所以此碑為國(guó)寶中之瑰寶，名碑中更享盛名。
現(xiàn)在，大家來(lái)到大雁塔的一層。首先請(qǐng)看兩側(cè)墻壁上這兩通石碑，一是玄奘負(fù)笈圖，一是玄奘譯經(jīng)圖。這兩碑的畫(huà)面是玄奘法師光輝人生的生動(dòng)寫照。
再看塔柱上懸掛的四幅長(zhǎng)聯(lián)，是由唐太宗、唐高宗和玄奘法師的原話編制而成。
第一幅：摘自唐太宗御制大唐三藏圣教序碑，大意是：玄奘法師稱得上是佛教的領(lǐng)袖，他冒著朝廷禁令和生命危險(xiǎn)，克服種種艱難險(xiǎn)阻而單身獨(dú)騎遠(yuǎn)征求法，遍訪高師，探詢和研究佛經(jīng)，將這些佛教真理廣為弘揚(yáng)，將與日月同輝，與天地同在。
第二幅：摘自唐高宗御制大慈恩寺碑，大意是：玄奘法師可稱得上是佛教的冠冕人物，在取經(jīng)路途，風(fēng)餐露宿，他使佛燈高照，使佛教得以弘揚(yáng)，他代表著一個(gè)時(shí)代，他超越了西域的佛圖澄、鳩摩羅什、竺道生和慧遠(yuǎn)這樣的高僧，玄奘法師的功績(jī)和精神可謂前無(wú)古人，后無(wú)來(lái)者。
第三幅的意思是：奉敕創(chuàng)建大慈恩寺，又奉旨翻譯佛經(jīng)，我真誠(chéng)地希望佛法慧流弘揚(yáng)光大，定能夠保佑國(guó)運(yùn)長(zhǎng)久，圣教得以弘揚(yáng)，光照中華史冊(cè)，智慧的情懷天下可鑒，永遠(yuǎn)映照在弘揚(yáng)佛法的福田之上。
第四幅的意思是：我們懷著崇敬的心情，修建這一佛塔，以安置從西天帶回的佛教三藏經(jīng)典，雄偉的佛塔愿千佛保佑，同來(lái)關(guān)注;我們還要樹(shù)立豐碑，鐫刻兩位圣上所撰寫的珍貴碑文，佛塔圣跡將與天地同在，永遠(yuǎn)矗立在長(zhǎng)安勝地。
現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始向上攀登參觀。請(qǐng)大家輕步登塔、注意安全。在各層都有豐富的陳列，分別供奉有明代鎏金佛像、印度佛教高僧贈(zèng)送的佛祖舍利，陳列有佛足跡碑石，系玄奘晚年刻制供奉的佛足石的復(fù)制品，以及玄奘詩(shī)詞、于右任、齊白石詩(shī)詞書(shū)法作品等。其中第六層懸掛有唐代幾位大詩(shī)人的詩(shī)詞書(shū)法作品。
公元752年秋天，正值大雁塔創(chuàng)建100周年，詩(shī)圣杜甫會(huì)同岑參、高適、薛據(jù)、儲(chǔ)光羲5位大詩(shī)人，同登大雁塔，舉行了一次別開(kāi)生面的雁塔詩(shī)會(huì)。他們憑欄遠(yuǎn)望，看到古塔巍巍，秋景如畫(huà)的情景，激發(fā)了每個(gè)詩(shī)人的情懷和詩(shī)興。著名的邊塞詩(shī)人岑參興致勃勃呤唱道：“塔勢(shì)如涌出，孤高聳天宮。登臨出世界，蹬道盤虛空。四角礙白日，七層摩蒼穹。下窺指高鳥(niǎo)，俯聽(tīng)聞驚風(fēng)。”大家請(qǐng)杜甫賦詩(shī)，只見(jiàn)他情懷澎湃，詩(shī)句如潮，一開(kāi)口就語(yǔ)出驚人，氣概不凡，他吟唱道：“高標(biāo)跨蒼穹，烈風(fēng)無(wú)時(shí)休。自非曠士懷，登茲翻百憂。七星在北戶，河漢聲西流。羲和鞭白日，少昊行清秋。秦山忽破碎，涇渭不可求。俯視但一氣，焉能辨皇州。”這些詩(shī)作都是難得的千古絕唱。
大家登上了佛塔的最高層，真有一種“登臨出世界”的出神入化的美妙感受，向四面憑欄遠(yuǎn)眺，古城的壯麗景色盡收眼底，讓人留連忘返。
游客朋友，現(xiàn)在讓我們緩步下塔，注意安全。到后面玄奘三藏院繼續(xù)參觀。
現(xiàn)在，大家來(lái)到玄奘三藏院的門口。玄奘三藏院是一組仿唐風(fēng)格建筑群，由中院大遍覺(jué)堂、東院般若堂、西院光明堂三院組成，其面積為3224平方米。
如果要問(wèn)：西安大慈恩寺的鎮(zhèn)寺之寶是什么?那就是玄奘法師的頂骨舍利和佛骨舍利，因?yàn)樾噬崂c佛舍利都是極為珍貴的佛教文物。
游客朋友，在玄奘三藏院的大遍覺(jué)堂，供奉著玄奘坐像和玄奘大師的一份頂骨舍利。與此同時(shí)，玄奘其他靈骨舍利已廣布在世界各地，象征著和傳播著玄奘精神，將與日月同輝，與天地同在。
玄奘三藏院內(nèi)有近400平米精美的大型壁畫(huà)，反映了佛界圣景和玄奘的生平故事。從玄奘出生、出家、出國(guó)求法開(kāi)始了他輝煌的一生。
玄奘于公元629年從長(zhǎng)安出發(fā)，游學(xué)西域。經(jīng)蘭州、敦煌、高昌等地，取道吉爾吉斯、哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、尼泊爾等國(guó)。沿著“絲綢之路”，以驚人的毅力，闖“萬(wàn)死之地”，克服數(shù)不清的艱難險(xiǎn)阻，前往佛國(guó)印度。漫漫西行取經(jīng)路上，充滿著險(xiǎn)惡和無(wú)數(shù)的艱難險(xiǎn)阻。但在玄奘面前，沒(méi)有過(guò)不去的火焰山，沒(méi)有過(guò)不了的通天河。在人跡罕至的沙漠孑然孤行。當(dāng)水囊傾覆，五天四夜滴水未進(jìn)，幾度昏厥于沙丘，在這危險(xiǎn)絕境面前，玄奘靠著“不至西天，不東歸一步”的誓言和信念，絕處逢生，脫離險(xiǎn)境。
經(jīng)過(guò)整整3年的艱難跋涉和5萬(wàn)余里孤征，玄奘終于到達(dá)佛國(guó)圣地——天竺印度，如愿以償?shù)鼐蛯W(xué)于著名的那爛陀寺。公元645年，玄奘西行取經(jīng)歸來(lái)，攜帶大量佛舍利、8尊佛像及657部佛經(jīng)，載譽(yù)回國(guó)，受到唐太宗朝野及國(guó)人的隆重歡迎。抵達(dá)長(zhǎng)安時(shí)，僧俗百萬(wàn)之眾傾城出迎，盛況空前。公元648年，大慈恩寺初建落成，玄奘奉受太宗敕請(qǐng)，到大慈恩寺?lián)问兹巫〕?，繼續(xù)翻經(jīng)。他先后在長(zhǎng)安弘福寺、慈恩寺、西明寺、銅川玉華宮等譯場(chǎng)組織翻譯歷時(shí)19年，直到圓寂。
概括玄奘的翻譯，有數(shù)量多、質(zhì)量高、內(nèi)容全和路子新4個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)。首先，玄奘無(wú)論從質(zhì)量上或數(shù)量上，都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)前人。僅玄奘一人就譯出1335卷佛經(jīng)。由于玄奘譯本準(zhǔn)確可靠，而他所依據(jù)的原印度梵本散失很多，因之玄奘譯本被視為 “準(zhǔn)梵本”。由此才有了唐代佛教的鼎盛時(shí)期，以及許多海外高僧入唐求法的新局面。
我國(guó)的翻譯從佛經(jīng)翻譯開(kāi)始，而玄奘開(kāi)創(chuàng)了我國(guó)佛教翻譯史上的“新譯”先河。玄奘是我國(guó)歷史上著名的佛學(xué)家、翻譯家、旅行家，同時(shí)又是一位對(duì)祖國(guó)無(wú)限忠貞的偉大愛(ài)國(guó)者。他還把中國(guó)古代重要的哲學(xué)著作《老子》等翻譯成梵文傳入印度，促進(jìn)了中印文化的溝通與交流，奠定了兩國(guó)人民的友好情誼。有一首詩(shī)高度概括了玄奘精神，并寄語(yǔ)今天的留學(xué)生和青少年。其詩(shī)曰：“雁塔曾將貝葉藏，千秋盛譽(yù)贊玄奘。不辭艱辛游天竺，取得真經(jīng)返大唐。留學(xué)只緣圖利國(guó)，求知理應(yīng)做騰驤。諸君勿被香風(fēng)醉，莫把他邦當(dāng)故鄉(xiāng)”。為繼承和弘揚(yáng)玄奘的愛(ài)國(guó)主義精神，大雁塔已被選定為愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育基地。
公元664年，玄奘在銅川玉華寺圓寂，唐高宗得知噩耗后，罷朝三日，失聲痛哭說(shuō)：“朕失國(guó)寶也，國(guó)失棟梁也!”玄藏靈柩運(yùn)回京城，安置在慈恩寺翻經(jīng)堂，京城道俗哀號(hào)動(dòng)地，奔赴吊唁。在舉行玄奘法師葬禮時(shí)，送葬者多達(dá)百萬(wàn)之眾，當(dāng)晚有3萬(wàn)多人露宿在墓旁，為玄奘守靈。人們對(duì)這位舍命求法，嘔心瀝血譯經(jīng)，生前輝煌一世，死后葦席裹尸的一代高僧表示了崇高的敬仰和悼念。這里已成為永遠(yuǎn)瞻仰玄奘、紀(jì)念玄奘的佛教圣地。
游客朋友們，大雁塔主景區(qū)參觀就到這里。下來(lái)我們到北廣場(chǎng)和東苑、西苑去參觀。北廣場(chǎng)是全亞洲最大的水景噴泉和唐代文化廣場(chǎng)，東西兩苑有別具特色的陜西民俗文化公園。
Wild goose pagoda scenic area is a buddhist holy land, is the national AAAA level scenic area, and the tang dynasty monk xuan zang mages have close relations, tang's monk buddhist scriptures translated by the story is taking place. All buddhist temple, are monks worship Buddha, proving, chanting dojo, and large temple, pagoda compared with other temple what is special about? Monk as a cloud, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign monk countless, tang's monk xuan zang who? Why the story of tang's monk scriptures widely circulated, today visited the scenic spot, will find answers to these questions. Believe that everyone knows the story of "journey to the west" tang's monk scriptures? In this scenic spot, however, there is no "journey to the west" myth "tang's monk teacher", also can not find decline demon in addition to the magic of "sun wukong, pig eight quit, sand monk". But you will feel a living and true tang's monk xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures. Xuan zang to say who? We say that he is an indomitable spirit of the Chinese people, is a have feelings of the Chinese national spirit and patriotism. He is a famous monk, taizong your respectful name he is "leader" of practice, the emperor tang said he is the crown of the "reality".
Dear visitors, now we move to the south wild goose pagoda square. This big temple scenic area by the main scenic spot, the wild goose pagoda and the north and the south square, things of two yuan, covers an area of about 500 mu. At the center of the square stands a statue of tang's monk xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures tall statue. See his eaves, Khmer, hand-held tin staff, with a firm pace, as if is travelling in the journey of the experiences of the west. Behind him is that he pioneered jion cradle, is hosted by his translation of the temple, and he has built the wild goose pagoda.
Xuan zang (602-664), common family name is Chen yi, henan yanshi, have been super intelligent, industrious. 13 was abnormality admits, ranked in luoyang pureland temple tonsure a monk. Xuan zang has toured the country ten Yu Sheng, visited more than 10 senior monk MingXian, learn the classic, end doctrine, reputation capital, is known as the "door shi wei and buddhist li colt." Travel all over the country, after he review incomplete, Buddhism was introduced into China since 600, a buddhist doctrinal differences, the status of the faction disputes. Xuan zang in buddhist studies, buddhist scriptures the question of the article up to hundred. The origin - tianzhu country he was determined to Buddhism, which is today's India, to explore the essence of Buddhism aggregates, to solve the doubt, carry forward the dharma. He in 627 AD, the table together, apply for to print, not approved by the court. Someone else have quit, but he refused, to don't change, and use three years before going abroad, from the buddhist studies, both material and spiritual aspects of language Sanskrit and are fully prepared. Hence illegal customs, namely illegal smuggling exit, the day fu night, go alone, began his hardships of India to obtain buddhist scriptures and legend. Now, please continue to visit.
Now we went to the temple, the temple of the main entrance is called the gate, also called three, respectively called gate, door, door, a symbol of the three free of Buddhism. You see, the tablet is comrade jiang zemin personally inscribed on the door of "big temple" several characters of the shining. Temple was founded in sui huang nine years (AD 589), the early name "no leakage temple". In 648 AD, the emperor tang Li Zhi make prince, commend to chase the ghost fu for his mother to build temple, so the name "temple". Temple have to its parent after the prince Li Zhi built, also expressed his father emperor taizong miss weld the queen's wish. Emperor taizong and DE queen grew up loving, eternal friendship, at the age of 13 namely "wives by emperor taizong", emperor taizong account was only 17 years old at the time. Emperor taizong acceded to the throne, made the queen. Weld queen good upright, the tail from wagging the dog, strict in law already, she to datang shrines, avoid nepotism, she insisted that don't let his brother sons and nephews in court. For Wei Zheng, fang xuanling brave LiangChen, but all about love. Of the queen's sense of honor, just virtuous, become the tang dynasty heyday LiangZuo beams. At last words also stressed that "no lights, waste thin death". So virtuous cheerful, it deserves to be a female politicians have courage, have heart. On the death of 33 queen, emperor taizong very grief, XiangJinChen confession: "I not know destiny but not of sadness, but no longer smell the suggestion of speech into the palace, a LiangZuo, so can't forget the ear!" So big temple created, actual it is taizong blessing of the father and son to weld the queen, and after the tang dynasty to the generation of xian memorial.
Big in the tang dynasty temple is located in the eastern half of chang an city JinChang fang, about 398 acres, a total of 1897 rooms, 300 monks, as one of the buddhist temple of changan grand scale. At the beginning of the temple was built, the court specially to meet please return from India to changan, is a hong fu temple by xuan zang as temple abbot attendance, big temple became the highest institution of higher learning and the flourishing of Chinese Buddhism. Continuously by war after tang dynasty, the temple gradually deserted, experience and repair for many times, until 1446 AD, is laid the temple size today.
Now the scope of the temple width of 160 meters, north and south long 318 meters, a total of 93 acres, the main building the temple, from south to north lined the entrance, drum tower, things peidian peidian, dharma scripture-stored tower, the wild goose pagoda and the monk xuan zang. Things on both sides, respectively, the monastery, temple abbot yuan pipe, tube institute, etc.
We walked into the entrance, you can see on the second floor of the bell and drum, in the east tower suspension with a cast iron back "wild goose pagoda". Casting in the clock l548 AD, cast with the clock back "wild goose pagoda" four strong characters, the wild goose pagoda mouth back from cause to enable to today, have been as great temple do instrument specifications, is BenSi buddhist activities and the other part of the monks live. As Buddhism large multiplier, morning bell is called his monks to make. The temple monks WenZhong every day, to smell drum but sleep. Back when the dawn, the loud sounds of ding lacerate morning sunrise, wrap over south, a total of 3 array, each array 36 ring, struck a chord with 108 ring, said 108 kinds of renouncing earthly life troubles, prayer times peace, and all the peoples happiness, good harvest.
The west side of the drum tower hang a big drum, temple called MuGu, to tap the drum tower, bell and drum are large multiplier for the monastery. Things peidian peidian former east guanyin hall, now the guest room, west to hid in the house.
Now we come to visit Ursa major. High on the stage of Ursa major for the center of the temple building, Ursa plaques glittering, is the late President Mr. At the beginning of the buddhist association of China book. Incense before the prosperity, the main hall of the temple to worship the Buddha within three body of Buddha, for indicating the Buddha which he covered the Buddha, west for indicating the Buddha luo that Buddha, east to Buddha shakyamuni Buddha. Buddha flanked by a disciple of the Buddha, east to kasyapa, west to the difficult, on both sides and samantabhadra bodhisattva statues and like manjusri bodhisattva, are the Ming dynasty sculpture, the symbol of truth and wisdom, respectively. Double-box lined with other things, including xuan zang, 18 arhats, such arrangement is to the Buddha's 16 their honour person with speaker friends celebrate, the translators were listed as 18 arhats, xuan zang for 18 arhats earlier arrangement in our country, there are other arrangement in the future. Lohan is theravada Buddhism, the highest realm of practice refers to eliminate all the troubles to enter nirvana, death and rebirth, no longer is a provider. Ocean's three righteousness is: kill, cut off is greed, hatred, and delusion, etc. All the worry; Should be for. Should be by outsiders to support; Not born, enter nirvana, forever no longer into the cycle of life and death. Behind the hall of worship Lord Buddha plastic is standing on the top of the south China sea guanyin bodhisattva as as well as the bodhisattva, dragon lady, wooden fork 150 characters, and the good fortune the lad 53 and seek legal way story, lively and interesting, vivid display of the south China sea avalokitesvara putuo lo ng mountain dojo penglai fairyland.
On the west side of Ursa walls inlaid with a few "wild goose pagoda title" tablet, wild goose pagoda title like this tablet in the scenic spot I have dozens of tong. "Wild goose pagoda title" began in the tang dynasty, refers to the top of is in changan exceeded otherregions HeJinShi, gathered wild goose pagoda, and Wu Ju cultural activities, on the small wild goose pagoda title jiajing nineteen years (1540), after having obtained title metropolitan examinations of shaanxi inscription is: "name the topic wild goose pagoda between heaven and earth first things first." After the tang dynasty poet bai juyi in A.D. 800 exceeded otherregions jinshi spring-and-autumn way: "jion tower under the title, 17 of the boy." Implemented at the moment. Said "poor Meng Fuzi" meng jiao, jinshi in only 46 years old, he spring-and-autumn yue: "old dirty not kua, debauchery is long, life is short. Today percussion horseshoe disease, a day to see changan flowers." After he receive government degrees "" spring in his famous poem, become popular .
In the ancient capital of chang 'an activity is a continuation of more than one thousand years, wild goose pagoda title and title jinshi just continue to the tang dynasty. Because each in each generation, since the tang dynasty chang 'an is no longer a capital city, but so do dungans followed a provinces after having obtained juren Tang Jinshi jas have title activity on the wild goose pagoda. He in the temples and the wild goose pagoda, is still a deposit of the Ming and qing dynasties after having obtained juren title tablet in 73. In the jianfu temple, the small wild goose pagoda has also kept a Wu Ju title title 17 tong Ming and qing dynasties, also known as the "wild goose pagoda title". Because the size of wild goose pagoda emulate title in the tower, considerable tang tang dynasty life, then gradually formed as title wild goose pagoda, the small wild goose pagoda. These are historical data in the system of our country's scientific research.
North of the hall for the two-story dharma scripture-stored tower, the upper with xuan zang had translated books, the dharma, dedicated to a statue of amitabha Buddha, is the Ming dynasty bronze figure of Buddha of fine gold. Xuan zang consecrate Buddha dharma is also on display, xuan zang institution and peek at base, round BeiTa portraits, etc. Round city ghost kingdom prince, by year after becoming a monk came to China, given up to xuan zang and door; Snapshot of the base is xuan zang ambitions, this is the founding fathers WeiChi ready and nephew, every time go out with three car, so has the nickname "three monks". Thus it can be seen at the time of xuan zang, fame and position.
Now, at the foot of the people came to the wild goose pagoda, formerly known as temple of great wild goose pagoda FuTu. Master xuan zang to keep from India brought back a large number of buddhist scriptures and the Buddha sarira, in AD 652, the attached chart, approved by the court, in BenSi west courtyard pagoda built five layer. Each layer of all remaining sarira, a total of more than ten thousand grains. Master xuan zang to attend a tower labor, carrying bricks, took two years to build.
As for the "wild goose pagoda" the name of the origin, the dialects. And xuan zang own compilation of the datang western region "described in the buddhist story of the most credible. In history, according to "the datang western xuan zang mahayana and theravada Buddhism in early points two, mahayana precepts carnivorous, theravada don't quit. Ancient Indian magadha tuo state city, a king outside indra the mountain have a temple, the temple monks believe in theravada teaching, one day, at will, the monk hungry, not landing, lunch is complaining. There is a monk suddenly see a group of geese fly through the air, freely a joke: I've been waiting all the monk for many days without eating meat, if bodhisattvas have spirit, should know our difficulties! See the words sound just fell, the leading wild goose to fly back, arrived before the monk was broken wings fell down, and all the monks frightened, understand what is Buddha to education them, the monk hurriedly bowed down, and buried the courts to the goose. Built on a tower, named wild goose pagoda, to believe in mahayana from now on, no longer eat meat. This is the origin of the name of the wild goose pagoda. The word "wild goose pagoda" plus one "big" word, before it is due to architectural grandeur of the tower, the second is built in the jianfu temple tower is as known as the wild goose pagoda, to distinguish, hence respectively referred to as the wild goose pagoda and small wild goose pagoda. Of Buddhism in India, also went to join the ritual of the famous wild goose pagoda.
Master xuan zang organization construction of the stupa in person, because of the brick surface soil, wind and rain erosion, gradually destroyed after more than 40 years. Wu zetian changan years (AD 701-704) the empress wu zetian and tombs which adheres to give money to rebuild. Hence converted into seven layers of the pagoda pagoda, said 7 class floor, more majestic earlier. People often say: "save people's life, made 7 class floor", almost.
One thousand years, has been of great wild goose pagoda is the symbol of the ancient city of xi 'an and landmark buildings. Towering pagoda, a symbol of master xuan zang spirit of high quality and great personality.
A castle in the wild goose pagoda is a typical imitation wooden type 2-foot-tall tower, more well-known Chinese and foreign with "personality" story. Wild goose pagoda is composed of tower, tower, DaCha Lao, 64.7 meters, carved on the lintel frame has a line in the tang dynasty. Four bar with fluency vivid shade is engraved line carve Buddha, bodhisattva, king kong lux portrait. Especially XiMenMei line in characterization, the lecture is the Buddha, look dignified kind, 30 honour bodhisattva poses of all stripes, lifelike. Today we research building in tang dynasty, buddhist art and history and culture of precious materials.
Embedded at the bottom of great wild goose pagoda south on both sides of the gate put the emperor taizong of the "tang monk SAN teaching sequence", and when the prince of the tang dynasty the emperor "tang monk SAN teaching sequence", two second "st" monument, all by the head of the secretariat (prime minister) book by b. Like this both tablet inscription and the relative arrangement, left and right sides is symmetrical. Set in pagodas, it is unique. Engraved inscription and below are their elegant, dancing began flying dance lotte, scan "sequence" tablet musicians of instrument for wind, monuments, and "remember" instruments for string. So tianle dance is a buddhist fairyland.
Some say wild goose pagoda SAN teaching sequence memorial tablet "quiet" two st. One is two st imperial emperor taizong account from - from "sequence", taizi Li Zhi from "remember" the name, the second is the experiences of xuan zang - praise xuan zang to obtain buddhist scriptures preach Buddhism, the contents of three is everyone calligraphy calligraphy masterpieces of - b, four is in huang, changan solemn sacred big buddhist temple in the city. Therefore this monument as a national treasure, the treasure of the name is more famous monuments.
Now, we came to a layer in the wild goose pagoda. First look at the two stone tablets, on the wall on both sides is a xuan zang institution, one is translated by the figure xuan zang. The two tablet is the vivid reflection of xuan zang mage glorious life.
Look at pillar hang four long, is by the emperor taizong, tang dynasty the emperor and the words of the master xuan zang.
First, from emperor taizong drive makes tang monk SAN teaching sequence, the effect is: master xuan zang is a buddhist leader, he risked his government rules and life, overcome all difficulties and obstacles and single ride of expedition alone, visited college, explore and study the buddhist scriptures, the buddhist truth widely carry forward, with the sun, with heaven and earth.
Second picture: from tang dynasty the emperor drive makes big temple monument, the effect is: master xuan zang can be called is a crown of Buddhism, the buddhist scriptures, reject, he make the Buddha's light shining, to promote Buddhism, he represents an era, he surpassed the xiyu buttocho, dove moro, ZhuDaoSheng and shen this monk, master xuan zang's achievements and spirit is unprecedented, after.
The third picture means: create big temple in troublesome, and the capital translate sutras, I sincerely hope that the dharma hui flow to carry forward, settle can bless usually long, holy teaching to promote, illumination of Chinese history, wisdom the feelings of the world can jian, fukuda, reflected in the Buddha dharma forever.
The fourth picture means: we cherish esteeming mood, built a pagoda, with resettlement from the buddhist monk buddhist paradise to classical, magnificent pagoda thousand buddhas bless, and to pay close attention to; We also need to establish the monument, engraved two precious holy wrote inscriptions, stupa st mark will be with heaven and earth, stand in changan resort.
Now we began to climb up the visit. Please step light tower, pay attention to safety. Is rich in every layer of display, respectively consecrate figure of Buddha of fine gold of Ming dynasty, the Indian buddhist monk of the Buddha sarira, display has Buddha footprint stele, department of xuan zang in his later years of print consecrate Buddha replica of stone, and xuan zang poems calligraphy, poetry, yu, qi baishi. The sixth layer suspension has several great poets in tang dynasty poetry calligraphy.
In the autumn of 752, when the wild goose pagoda to create the 100th anniversary of the poet du fu in conjunction with the ts 'en-ts 'an, cross, xue according to, ChuGuangXi five great poets, reach the wild goose pagoda, held a special poets gathering wild goose pagoda. They lean on, to see the pagoda wei, autumn scenery picturesque scene, inspired each poet's feelings and young. Famous frontier fortress poet ts 'en-ts 'an cheerful poison sings: "potential Wells such as tower, solitary towering temple. Step into the world, pedal plate of vanity. Four corners in the day, the seven layers of the sky. The glimpse into high bird, prone to present concern.charlotte heard." Everyone please du fu chanting songs, see his feelings, a poem, a appears once asking it, manhood, he sing a way: "high across the sky, heavy wind all. Since the kuang, belonged to the philistines, we turn the sorrow. The seven stars in the north, west flow galaxy. Xihe whip the day, and less HaoHang clear autumn. Qinshan suddenly broken, there. Looking down but, how can distinguishes the imperial state." These poems are rare song.
We got to the top of the stupa, I have a kind of "step into the world," superb wonderful feeling, all the trapped, the magnificent scenery of the ancient city of panoramic view, the ghost town.
Tourists friends, let us now slowly down the tower, pay attention to safety. Behind the monk xuan zang to continue to visit.
Now, everybody came to the gate of monk xuan zang homes. Is a set of imitation tang monk xuan zang court buildings, by then the great times hall, eastern hospital prajna hall, west courtyard bright hall, the research and it covers an area of 3224 square meters.
If you would like to ask: xi 'an big temple temple treasure? That is the parietal andother master xuan zang and Buddha sarira, because xuan zang sarira and Buddha sarira is a precious cultural relics.
Tourists friends, great times in monk xuan zang homes don, honours xuan zang's statue and a parietal andother master xuan zang. Xuan zang, meanwhile, the six other spirit has been spreading around the world, is a symbol of and spread the spirit of xuan zang, will work with the sun, with heaven and earth.
Monk xuan zang hospital has nearly 400 square meters large murals, beautiful st reflects the buddhist circle and xuan zang's life story. From birth, becoming a monk xuan zang and abroad religion began his brilliant life.
Xuan zang in 629 from changan, travel and study in the western regions. The lanzhou, dunhuang and gaochang, by way of kyrgyzstan, kazakhstan, uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal and other countries. Along the "silk road", with amazing perseverance, through "account", overcome numerous difficulties and obstacles, to buddhist India. The experiences of long west road, full of dangerous and numerous difficulties and obstacles. But in front of xuan zang, could not the volcano, did not pass the tongtian river. In the most inaccessible desert orphan. When water sac capsized, five days and four nights into the water, a few degrees fainted in the dunes, in front of the dangerous corner, xuan zang by "not the west, not east to step" pledge and conviction, rescue, out of the woods yet.
Trek through a full three years and more than 50000 in solitary, xuan zang buddhist holy land - tianzhu finally arrived in India, to learn from the famous temple of nalanda. Back in 645 AD, xuan zang west scriptures and carries a lot of Buddha sarira, 8 statue of Buddha and buddhist scriptures, 657 have returned home, was welcomed by taizong in one's hand, and the people. Arrived at changan, character, the whole city of millions of rushing out, pomp. In 648 AD, at the beginning of the great temple was built up, xuan zang to serve is too troublesome, please to the abbot temple served as the first, continue to turn. He successively in changan hong fu temple, temple, west temple, tongchuan YuHua palace and organized translation for 19 years, until he died.
Sums up the translation of xuan zang, quantity, quality, contents and way new four distinctive features. First of all, no matter from quality or quantity, xuan zang is far more than the previous. Xuan zang one person alone out 1335 rolls of buddhist scriptures. Because of Buddhism translation accurate and reliable, and he is based on the original Indian FanBen lost a lot, so translation is regarded as "quasi FanBen" xuan zang. So just had the heyday of Buddhism in the tang dynasty, as well as many overseas monk tang method to a new situation.
Translation from buddhist scriptures translation in China, and xuan zang created the "new translation" on the evaluation of Buddhism in China. Xuan zang is the history of our country famous FoXueGu, translator and traveller, and a great patriot of infinite loyal to the motherland. Important philosophical works in ancient China in the "Lao zi" and so on translated Sanskrit into India, promoted the cultural communication and exchanges, and established the friendliness of the people of both countries. There are highly sums up the spirit of xuan zang, a poem and remarks today's students and young people. His poems yue: "wild goose pagoda hid bay leaf, and consent reputation xuan zang. To swim tianzhu, achieve true through datang. Studying the beneficiaries of the good luck, TengXiang knowledge is supposed to do. Don't be sweet wind drunk, you don't have his nations when home". To inherit and carry forward the spirit of patriotism, xuan zang wild goose pagoda has been designated as patriotism education bases.
Died in 664 AD, xuan zang in tongchuan YuHua temple, tang after the emperor learned that news, in three days, "said crying:" I lost treasures, also the loss of beams also!" Xuan zang coffin back to Beijing, in temple oratory, city move to the common wail, condolences to the. In a master xuan zang funeral mourners up to millions of audiences, that night, more than 30000 people camped outside the tomb, for the corpse xuan zang. Lay down his life for his people to the religion, taken by the translation, brilliant life, after death shroud of reed mat generation monk said the lofty respect and mourning. Here has become a point of xuan zang, forever memory of xuan zang Buddhism holy land.
Tourists friends, often the main scenic spots to visit here. Us to the north square and dong yuan, xiyuan to visit. North square is Asia's largest water fountains and the tang dynasty culture square, something the two estates have distinctive shaanxi folk culture park.
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