氣候大會開幕講話范文
應對氣候變化是人類共同的事業(yè),下面就是小編給大家整理的氣候大會開幕講話,僅供參考。
氣候大會開幕講話范文(一):
尊敬的奧朗德總統(tǒng),
尊敬的各位同事,
女士們,先生們,朋友們:
今天,我們齊聚巴黎,出席聯(lián)合國氣候變化巴黎大會開幕式。這表明,恐怖主義阻擋不了全人類應對氣候變化、追求美好未來的進程。借此機會,我愿向法國人民致以誠摯的慰問,同時對奧朗德總統(tǒng)和法國政府為這次大會召開所作的精心籌備表示感謝。
《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》生效20多年來,在各方共同努力下,全球應對氣候變化工作取得積極進展,但仍面臨許多困難和挑戰(zhàn)。巴黎大會正是為了加強公約實施,達成一個全面、均衡、有力度、有約束力的氣候變化協(xié)議,提出公平、合理、有效的全球應對氣候變化解決方案,探索人類可持續(xù)的發(fā)展路徑和治理模式。法國作家雨果說:“最大的決心會產生最高的智慧?!蔽蚁嘈?,只要各方展現(xiàn)誠意、堅定信心、齊心協(xié)力,巴黎大會一定能夠取得令人滿意的成果,不辜負國際社會的熱切期盼。
尊敬的各位同事,女士們、先生們!
一份成功的國際協(xié)議既要解決當下矛盾,更要引領未來。巴黎協(xié)議應該著眼于強化2021年后全球應對氣候變化行動,也要為推動全球更好實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展注入動力。
——巴黎協(xié)議應該有利于實現(xiàn)公約目標,引領綠色發(fā)展。協(xié)議應該遵循公約原則和規(guī)定,推進公約全面有效實施。既要有效控制大氣溫室氣體濃度上升,又要建立利益導向和激勵機制,推動各國走向綠色循環(huán)低碳發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)經濟發(fā)展和應對氣候變化雙贏。
——巴黎協(xié)議應該有利于凝聚全球力量,鼓勵廣泛參與。協(xié)議應該在制度安排上促使各國同舟共濟、共同努力。除各國政府,還應該調動企業(yè)、非政府組織等全社會資源參與國際合作進程,提高公眾意識,形成合力。
——巴黎協(xié)議應該有利于加大投入,強化行動保障。獲取資金技術支持、提高應對能力是發(fā)展中國家實施應對氣候變化行動的前提。發(fā)達國家應該落實到2021年每年動員1000億美元的承諾,2021年后向發(fā)展中國家提供更加強有力的資金支持。此外,還應該向發(fā)展中國家轉讓氣候友好型技術,幫助其發(fā)展綠色經濟。
——巴黎協(xié)議應該有利于照顧各國國情,講求務實有效。應該尊重各國特別是發(fā)展中國家在國內政策、能力建設、經濟結構方面的差異,不搞一刀切。應對氣候變化不應該妨礙發(fā)展中國家消除貧困、提高人民生活水平的合理需求。要照顧發(fā)展中國家的特殊困難。
尊敬的各位同事,女士們、先生們!
巴黎協(xié)議不是終點,而是新的起點。作為全球治理的一個重要領域,應對氣候變化的全球努力是一面鏡子,給我們思考和探索未來全球治理模式、推動建設人類命運共同體帶來寶貴啟示。
——我們應該創(chuàng)造一個各盡所能、合作共贏的未來。對氣候變化等全球性問題,如果抱著功利主義的思維,希望多占點便宜、少承擔點責任,最終將是損人不利己。巴黎大會應該擯棄“零和博弈”狹隘思維,推動各國尤其是發(fā)達國家多一點共享、多一點擔當,實現(xiàn)互惠共贏。
——我們應該創(chuàng)造一個奉行法治、公平正義的未來。要提高國際法在全球治理中的地位和作用,確保國際規(guī)則有效遵守和實施,堅持民主、平等、正義,建設國際法治。發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家的歷史責任、發(fā)展階段、應對能力都不同,共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則不僅沒有過時,而且應該得到遵守。
——我們應該創(chuàng)造一個包容互鑒、共同發(fā)展的未來。面對全球性挑戰(zhàn),各國應該加強對話,交流學習最佳實踐,取長補短,在相互借鑒中實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展,惠及全體人民。同時,要倡導和而不同,允許各國尋找最適合本國國情的應對之策。
尊敬的各位同事,女士們、先生們!
中國一直是全球應對氣候變化事業(yè)的積極參與者,有誠意、有決心為巴黎大會成功作出自己的貢獻。
過去幾十年來,中國經濟快速發(fā)展,人民生活發(fā)生了深刻變化,但也承擔了資源環(huán)境方面的代價。鑒往知來,中國正在大力推進生態(tài)文明建設,推動綠色循環(huán)低碳發(fā)展。中國把應對氣候變化融入國家經濟社會發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃,堅持減緩和適應氣候變化并重,通過法律、行政、技術、市場等多種手段,全力推進各項工作。中國可再生能源裝機容量占全球總量的24%,新增裝機占全球增量的42%。中國是世界節(jié)能和利用新能源、可再生能源第一大國。
“萬物各得其和以生,各得其養(yǎng)以成?!敝腥A文明歷來強調天人合一、尊重自然。面向未來,中國將把生態(tài)文明建設作為“十三五”規(guī)劃重要內容,落實創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念,通過科技創(chuàng)新和體制機制創(chuàng)新,實施優(yōu)化產業(yè)結構、構建低碳能源體系、發(fā)展綠色建筑和低碳交通、建立全國碳排放交易市場等一系列政策措施,形成人和自然和諧發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化建設新格局。中國在“國家自主貢獻”中提出將于2030年左右使二氧化碳排放達到峰值并爭取盡早實現(xiàn),2030年單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降60%-65%,非化石能源占一次能源消費比重達到20%左右,森林蓄積量比2005年增加45億立方米左右。雖然需要付出艱苦的努力,但我們有信心和決心實現(xiàn)我們的承諾。
中國堅持正確義利觀,積極參與氣候變化國際合作。多年來,中國政府認真落實氣候變化領域南南合作政策承諾,支持發(fā)展中國家特別是最不發(fā)達國家、內陸發(fā)展中國家、小島嶼發(fā)展中國家應對氣候變化挑戰(zhàn)。為加大支持力度,中國在今年9月宣布設立200億元人民幣的中國氣候變化南南合作基金。中國將于明年啟動在發(fā)展中國家開展10個低碳示范區(qū)、100個減緩和適應氣候變化項目及1000個應對氣候變化培訓名額的合作項目,繼續(xù)推進清潔能源、防災減災、生態(tài)保護、氣候適應型農業(yè)、低碳智慧型城市建設等領域的國際合作,并幫助他們提高融資能力。
尊敬的各位同事,女士們、先生們!
應對氣候變化是人類共同的事業(yè),世界的目光正聚焦于巴黎。讓我們攜手努力,為推動建立公平有效的全球應對氣候變化機制、實現(xiàn)更高水平全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展、構建合作共贏的國際關系作出貢獻!
謝謝大家。
氣候大會開幕講話范文(二):
潘基文秘書長,各位同事:
今天,各國領導人匯聚聯(lián)合國,共商應對氣候變化大計,這對推動國際社會有力應對氣候變化這一全球性挑戰(zhàn)具有十分重要的意義。
全球氣候變化深刻影響著人類生存和發(fā)展,是各國共同面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。37年來,從斯德哥爾摩到里約熱內盧,從京都到巴厘島,我們?yōu)楸Wo全球環(huán)境、應對氣候變化共同努力,取得顯著成就。這是世界各國不斷加深認知、不斷凝聚共識、不斷應對挑戰(zhàn)的歷史進程。《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》已成為各方公認的應對氣候變化主渠道,共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則已成為各方加強合作的基礎,走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路、實現(xiàn)人與自然相和諧已成為各方共同追求的目標。
氣候變化是人類發(fā)展進程中出現(xiàn)的問題,既受自然因素影響,也受人類活動影響,既是環(huán)境問題,更是發(fā)展問題,同各國發(fā)展階段、生活方式、人口規(guī)模、資源稟賦以及國際產業(yè)分工等因素密切相關。歸根到底,應對氣候變化問題應該也只能在發(fā)展過程中推進,應該也只能靠共同發(fā)展來解決。
應對氣候變化,涉及全球共同利益,更關乎廣大發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展利益和人民福祉。在應對氣候變化過程中,必須充分考慮發(fā)展中國家的發(fā)展階段和基本需求。發(fā)展中國家歷史排放少、人均排放低,目前受發(fā)展水平所限,缺少資金和技術,缺乏應對氣候變化能力和手段,在經濟全球化進程中處于國際產業(yè)鏈低端,承擔著大量轉移排放。當前,發(fā)展中國家的首要任務仍是發(fā)展經濟、消除貧困、改善民生。國際社會應該重視發(fā)展中國家特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內陸國家、非洲國家的困難處境,傾聽發(fā)展中國家聲音,尊重發(fā)展中國家訴求,把應對氣候變化和促進發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展、提高發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展內在動力和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力緊密結合起來。
各位同事!
應對氣候變化,實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,是擺在我們面前一項緊迫而又長期的任務,事關人類生存環(huán)境和各國發(fā)展前途,需要各國進行不懈努力。當前,我們在共同應對氣候變化方面應該堅持以下幾點。
第一,履行各自責任是核心。共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則凝聚了國際社會共識。堅持這一原則,對確保國際社會應對氣候變化努力在正確軌道上前行至關重要。發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家都應該積極采取行動應對氣候變化。根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》的要求,積極落實“巴厘路線圖”談判。發(fā)達國家應該完成《京都議定書》確定的減排任務,繼續(xù)承擔中期大幅量化減排指標,并為發(fā)展中國家應對氣候變化提供支持。發(fā)展中國家應該根據(jù)本國國情,在發(fā)達國家資金和技術轉讓支持下,努力適應氣候變化,盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放。
第二,實現(xiàn)互利共贏是目標。氣候變化沒有國界。任何國家都不可能獨善其身。應對這一挑戰(zhàn),需要國際社會同舟共濟、齊心協(xié)力。支持發(fā)展中國家應對氣候變化,既是發(fā)達國家應盡的責任,也符合發(fā)達國家長遠利益。我們應該樹立幫助別人就是幫助自己的觀念,努力實現(xiàn)發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家雙贏,實現(xiàn)各國利益和全人類利益共贏。
第三,促進共同發(fā)展是基礎。發(fā)展中國家應該統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調經濟增長、社會發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護,增強可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,擺脫先污染、后治理的老路。同時,不能要求發(fā)展中國家承擔超越發(fā)展階段、應負責任、實際能力的義務。從長期看,沒有各國共同發(fā)展,特別是沒有發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展,應對氣候變化就沒有廣泛而堅實的基礎。
第四,確保資金技術是關鍵。發(fā)達國家應該擔起責任,向發(fā)展中國家提供新的額外的充足的可預期的資金支持。這是對人類未來的共同投資。氣候友好技術應該更好服務于全人類
共同利益。應該建立政府主導、企業(yè)參與、市場運作的良性互動機制,讓發(fā)展中國家用得上氣候友好技術。
各位同事!
中國取得了巨大發(fā)展成就,人民生活和社會面貌發(fā)生了深刻變化。中國經濟總量雖然已處于世界前列,但人均國內生產總值仍排在全球100位之后。中國仍是世界上最大發(fā)展中國家,人口占世界五分之一,城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域、經濟社會發(fā)展不平衡,面臨的困難還很多,實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化還有很長的路要走。中國從對本國人民和世界人民負責任的高度,充分認識到應對氣候變化的重要性和緊迫性,已經并將繼續(xù)堅定不移為應對氣候變化作出切實努力,并向其他發(fā)展中國家提供力所能及的幫助,繼續(xù)支持小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內陸國家、非洲國家提高適應氣候變化能力。
中國高度重視和積極推動以人為本、全面協(xié)調可持續(xù)的科學發(fā)展,明確提出了建設生態(tài)文明的重大戰(zhàn)略任務,強調要堅持節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境的基本國策,堅持走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路,在加快建設資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會和建設創(chuàng)新型國家的進程中不斷為應對氣候變化作出貢獻。
中國已經制定和實施了《應對氣候變化國家方案》,明確提出2005年到2010年降低單位國內生產總值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆蓋率和可再生能源比重等有約束力的國家指標。僅通過降低能耗一項,中國5年內可以節(jié)省能源6. 2億噸標準煤,相當于少排放15億噸二氧化碳。
今后,中國將進一步把應對氣候變化納入經濟社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃,并繼續(xù)采取強有力的措施。一是加強節(jié)能、提高能效工作,爭取到2021年單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2005年有顯著下降。二是大力發(fā)展可再生能源和核能,爭取到2021年非化石能源占一次能源消費比重達到15%左右。三是大力增加森林碳匯,爭取到2021年森林面積比2005年增加4000萬公頃,森林蓄積量比2005年增加13億立方米。四是大力發(fā)展綠色經濟,積極發(fā)展低碳經濟和循環(huán)經濟,研發(fā)和推廣氣候友好技術。
各位同事!
世界期待著我們就事關人類生存和發(fā)展的氣候變化問題作出抉擇。我相信,只要我們本著對各自國家和人類社會負責任的態(tài)度,立足現(xiàn)實,著眼未來,堅持《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》主渠道地位,堅持共同但有區(qū)別的責任原則,堅持“巴厘路線圖”的授權,哥本哈根大會就會成為國際社會合作應對氣候變化新的里程碑。中國愿同各國攜手努力,共同為子孫后代創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來!
謝謝各位。
氣候大會開幕講話范文(三):
拉斯穆森首相閣下,各位同事:
Prime Minister Rasmussen,
Dear Colleagues,
此時此刻,全世界幾十億人都在注視著哥本哈根。我們在此表達的意愿和做出的承諾,應當有利于推動人類應對氣候變化的歷史進程。站在這個講壇上,我深感責任重大。
At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen. The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind’s historical process of combating climate change. Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.
氣候變化是當今全球面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)。遏制氣候變暖,拯救地球家園,是全人類共同的使命,每個國家和民族,每個企業(yè)和個人,都應當責無旁貸地行動起來。
Climate change is a major global challenge. It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet. It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.
近三十年來,中國現(xiàn)代化建設取得的成就已為世人矚目。在這里我還要告訴各位,中國在發(fā)展的進程中高度重視氣候變化問題,從中國人民和人類長遠發(fā)展的根本利益出發(fā),為應對氣候變化做出了不懈努力和積極貢獻。
The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China’s modernization drive. Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development. Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind’s long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.
——中國是最早制定實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家。先后制定和修訂了節(jié)約能源法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經濟促進法、清潔生產促進法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑節(jié)能條例等一系列法律法規(guī),把法律法規(guī)作為應對氣候變化的重要手段。
— China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program. We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency. Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.
——中國是近年來節(jié)能減排力度最大的國家。我們不斷完善稅收制度,積極推進資源性產品價格改革,加快建立能夠充分反映市場供求關系、資源稀缺程度、環(huán)境損害成本的價格形成機制。全面實施十大重點節(jié)能工程和千家企業(yè)節(jié)能計劃,在工業(yè)、交通、建筑等重點領域開展節(jié)能行動。深入推進循環(huán)經濟試點,大力推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保汽車,實施節(jié)能產品惠民工程。推動淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后產能,2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的煉鐵產能6059萬噸、煉鋼產能4347萬噸、水泥產能1.4億噸、焦炭產能6445萬噸。截至今年上半年,中國單位國內生產總值能耗比2005年降低13%,相當于少排放8億噸二氧化碳。
— China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years. We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage. We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors. We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies. We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting. The
inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons for steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke. By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13% from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
——中國是新能源和可再生能源增長速度最快的國家。我們在保護生態(tài)基礎上,有序發(fā)展水電,積極發(fā)展核電,鼓勵支持農村、邊遠地區(qū)和條件適宜地區(qū)大力發(fā)展生物質能、太陽能、地熱、風能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年,可再生能源增長51%,年均增長14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量達到2.5億噸標準煤。農村有3050萬戶用上沼氣,相當于少排放二氧化碳4900多萬噸。水電裝機容量、核電在建規(guī)模、太陽能熱水器集熱面積和光伏發(fā)電容量均居世界第一位。
— China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy. On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions. Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51%, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7%. In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal. A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.
——中國是世界人工造林面積最大的國家。我們持續(xù)大規(guī)模開展退耕還林和植樹造林,大力增加森林碳匯。2003至2008年,森林面積凈增2054萬公頃,森林蓄積量凈增11.23億立方米。目前人工造林面積達5400萬公頃,居世界第一。
— China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world. We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return farmland to forest and expand afforestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink. Between 2003 and 2008, China’s forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters. The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 54 million hectares, the largest in the world.
中國有13億人口,人均國內生產總值剛剛超過3000美元,按照聯(lián)合國標準,還有1.5億人生活在貧困線以下,發(fā)展經濟、改善民生的任務十分艱巨。我國正處于工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的關鍵階段,能源結構以煤為主,降低排放存在特殊困難。但是,我們始終把應對氣候變化作為重要戰(zhàn)略任務。1990至2005年,單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放強度下降46%。在此基礎上,我們又提出,到2021年單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%,在如此長時間內這樣大規(guī)模降低二氧化碳排放,需要付出艱苦卓絕的努力。我們的減排目標將作為約束性指標納入國民經濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃,保證承諾的執(zhí)行受到法律和輿論的監(jiān)督。我們將進一步完善國內統(tǒng)計、監(jiān)測、考核辦法,改進減排信息的披露方式,增加透明度,積極開展國際交流、對話與合作。
China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded US,000. According to the UN standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood. China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction. However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task. Between 1990 and 2005, China’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46%. Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2021 from the 2005 level. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part. Our target will be incorporated into China’s mid- and long-term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one, and its implementation is subject to the supervision by law and public opinion. We will further enhance domestic statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchanges, dialogue and cooperation.
各位同事,
Dear Colleagues,
應對氣候變化需要國際社會堅定信心,凝聚共識,積極努力,加強合作。必須始終牢牢把握以下幾點:
To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation. And we must always adhere to the following principles:
第一,保持成果的一致性。應對氣候變化不是從零開始的,國際社會已經為之奮斗了幾十年?!堵?lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《京都議定書》是各國經過長期艱苦努力取得的成果,凝聚了各方的廣泛共識,是國際合作應對氣候變化的法律基礎和行動指南,必須倍加珍惜、鞏固發(fā)展。本次會議的成果必須堅持而不能模糊公約及其議定書的基本原則,必須遵循而不能偏離“巴厘路線圖”的授權,必須鎖定而不能否定業(yè)已達成的共識和談判取得的進展。
First, maintain the consistency of outcomes. The campaign against climate change has not just started. In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries. They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change. And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed. The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol. It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”. It must lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.
第二,堅持規(guī)則的公平性?!肮餐袇^(qū)別的責任”原則是國際合作應對氣候變化的核心和基石,應當始終堅持。近代工業(yè)革命200年來,發(fā)達國家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放總量的80%。如果說二氧化碳排放是氣候變化的直接原因,誰該承擔主要責任就不言自明。無視歷史責任,無視人均排放和各國的發(fā)展水平,要求近幾十年才開始工業(yè)化、還有大量人口處于絕對貧困狀態(tài)的發(fā)展中國家承擔超出其應盡義務和能力范圍的減排目標,是毫無道理的。發(fā)達國家如今已經過上富裕生活,但仍維持著遠高于發(fā)展中國家的人均排放,且大多屬于消費型排放;相比之下,發(fā)展中國家的排放主要是生存排放和國際轉移排放。今天全球仍有24億人以煤炭、木炭、秸稈為主要燃料,有16億人沒有用上電。應對氣候變化必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下統(tǒng)籌安排,決不能以延續(xù)發(fā)展中國家的貧窮和落后為代價。發(fā)達國家必須率先大幅量化減排并向發(fā)展中國家提供資金和技術支持,這是不可推卸的道義責任,也是必須履行的法律義務。發(fā)展中國家應根據(jù)本國國情,在發(fā)達國家資金和技術轉讓支持下,盡可能減緩溫室氣體排放,適應氣候變化。
Second, uphold the fairness of rules. The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change, and it must never be compromised. Developed countries account for 80% of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago. If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility. Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today. It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development. Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption. In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions. Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity. Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness. Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide.financial and technological support to developing countries. This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill. Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.
第三,注重目標的合理性。中國有句成語:千里之行,始于足下。西方也有句諺語:羅馬不是一天建成的。應對氣候變化既要著眼長遠,更要立足當前。《京都議定書》明確規(guī)定了發(fā)達國家至2012年第一承諾期的減排指標。但從實際執(zhí)行情況看,不少發(fā)達國家的排放不減反增。目前發(fā)達國家已經公布的中期減排目標與協(xié)議的要求和國際社會的期望仍有相當距離。確定一個長遠的努力方向是必要的,更重要的是把重點放在完成近期和中期減排目標上,放在兌現(xiàn)業(yè)已做出的承諾上,放在行動上。一打綱領不如一個行動,我們應該通過切實的行動,讓人們看到希望。
Third, pay attention to the practicality of targets. There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.” Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads, “Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present. The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012. However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased. And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community. It is necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action. One action is more useful than a dozen programs. We should give people hope by taking credible actions.
第四,確保機制的有效性。應對氣候變化,貴在落實行動,重在機制保障。國際社會要在公約框架下做出切實有效的制度安排,促使發(fā)達國家兌現(xiàn)承諾,向發(fā)展中國家持續(xù)提供充足的資金支持,加快轉讓氣候友好技術,有效幫助發(fā)展中國家、特別是小島嶼國家、最不發(fā)達國家、內陸國家、非洲國家加強應對氣候變化的能力建設。
Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms. Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change. The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.
最后,我要強調的是,中國政府確定減緩溫室氣體排放的目標是中國根據(jù)國情采取的自主行動,是對中國人民和全人類負責的,不附加任何條件,不與任何國家的減排目標掛鉤。我們言必信、行必果,無論本次會議達成什么成果,都將堅定不移地為實現(xiàn)、甚至超過這個目標而努力。
I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances. We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country. We will honor our word with real action. Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.
謝謝!
Thank you.
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