巴爾扎克英文簡(jiǎn)介
巴爾扎克英文簡(jiǎn)介
巴爾扎克,法國(guó)小說家，被稱為“現(xiàn)代法國(guó)小說之父”，他的《人間喜劇》被譽(yù)為“資本主義社會(huì)的百科全書”。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的巴爾扎克英文簡(jiǎn)介，供大家參閱!
巴爾扎克簡(jiǎn)介
(April 20, 1799 - 18 August 1850), the French novelist, known as the "father of modern French fiction", was born in the middle of the city of Turion, a middle class Family, in 1816 into the law school, after graduation regardless of parental opposition, decided to embark on the road of literary creation, but the first works of the five-story poetic tragedy "Cromwell" is completely failed. And then he worked with people engaged in funny novels and strange novels of the creation, once abandoned the text from the business and business enterprises, published books series, etc., have failed. Business and business failure to make his debt, dragged on for life, but also for his future creation laid a solid foundation for life. In 1829, he published the novel "Joan", took the first step in the creation of realism, published in 1831, "donkey note" made him famous earthquake. In 1834, the completion of the "old man" of the book, which is one of the best works of Balzac. He wanted to make himself a literary career in Napoleon, in the 30 to 40 years with amazing perseverance created a large number of works, life is very rich, wrote 91 novels, shaped a total of two hundred and seventy-two lifelike characters Image, collectively known as "human comedy". "Human comedy" is known as "capitalist society encyclopedia." But he was due to the early debt and writing of the hardships, and finally due to overwork on August 18, 1850 died.
巴爾扎克人物生平
Balzac was born in a bourgeois family who became rich after the French Revolution. Since his parents' life was not happy, the Balzac was not given the full moon when he was not full moon. Reunion Balzac ranked boss, then there are three brothers and sisters. But because of long-term foster care in the home, so his childhood has not been the caress of their parents, did not get much joy. He said in a later memory: "This is the most terrible childhood that no one has ever suffered."
In November 1816, Balzac was admitted to the Faculty of Law. After graduating from the law school, he refused the family for his choice of respected legal career, and determined to become a writer. In order to obtain independent living and engaged in the creation of material security, he had a pen and get involved in business, engaged in publishing and printing industry, but all ended in bankruptcy. All this for his understanding of society, describe the community provides a very valuable first-hand materials. He continued to pursue and explore, on the philosophy, economics, history, natural sciences, theology and other fields in-depth study, accumulated a very broad knowledge.
During his stay at the University of Balzac, parents have arranged for him to practice in a litigation agent and a notary public in order to make him familiar with his future career as soon as possible. Years of probation life to benefit him, not only familiar with the civil proceedings, but also from the legal window of the mysterious understanding of the Paris society, see the prosperity of the scene under the crime, for the future creation of a large number of material accumulation.
In January 1819, Balzac graduated from the law school, but also the same year, he refused the family for his arrangements for notary office, and insisted on taking the road of life without education. In order to prove his parents to their literary talent, he almost fought for a year, completed the debut of the poem "Cromwell." But the results have made themselves disappointed. "In order to get rid of the economic dependence on their parents, Balzac has been a variety of pen for the bookstore to prepare and write (in order to get rid of the economic dependence on their parents, Popular novels to make a living. Of course, these commercial works, which are purely for the purpose of making money, will not bring him the desired honor, and later he even denies that these works are from his handwriting. Then, in order to give their serious creation to seek a stable economic source, he decided to temporarily abandon the business.
In 1822, when Balzac was cold, the pain of despair, met with Mrs. Berni. Mrs. Bernie's mother was a maid of the queen, very familiar with the life of the court, the secret of communication and the fate of women. Mrs. Berni is 22 years older than Balzac, with a perfect sense of tenderness, elegant conversation, compassionate compassion, and loving maternal love. All this deeply attracted Balzac, so that Balzac felt the little love did not taste the maternal warmth. She had a great influence on his life. Balzac called her his mother, friend, family, partner and consultant.
From 1825 onwards, he has tried the publishing industry, opened a printing plant, cast word factory, each failed in the end. Four years of commercial sea ups and downs, so that he had enough bankruptcy, closure, clean up, debt pain. Finally, the mother came forward for his debt. Desperate Balzac had to give up, re-enter the literary creation. All the frustration in life in his pen into a successful creative material. At this time Balzac decided to make a spectacular achievement in literature. He put a statue of Napoleon in his study and engraved on the sword 's scabbard. "He did not finish the job with the sword.
In 1829, Balzac completed the novel "Joan". The historical novel "The Joan" (1829) is the first work published by Balzac with the real name, describing the riots against the republic of the Republic of France, which occurred in Brittany in France in 1901. The author gives the heroic Republic of the military to be glorious, but also greatly beautified the Zhu An party leader Marlborough Mendo, showing his sympathy for the nobility. In order to write this novel, he had carefully studied the historical literature about the riots, personally went to Brittany to investigate the situation of the mountains and the peasantry, to visit the riot witnesses and participants, but also from the friends of the Duchess of Berry to collect a lot about Anger of the party. The transition from writing a novel to writing a historical novel is the first important step in Balzac's approach to critical realism. He is in the "Zhu An people" is not described in ancient history, but belongs to the contemporary social life areas of important events. Focusing on contemporary social life, it is Balzac later written "human comedy" a feature.
From 1829 to write "Zhu An people", Balzac's creation began to mature, that is, "human comedy" period (1829-1848). In the three or four decades, in addition to his commitment to literary and artistic creation, but also out of Paris high society salon, for several newspapers and writings, his contact with a very wide range of life.
Since this period, Balzac has explored in the realist theory. He believes that the novelist must face the real life and make himself a contemporary historian of customs. He also believes that the task of the novelist is not only to describe the social phenomenon, but also to clarify the causes of these phenomena and to point out the meaning behind the characters, their desires and events. He said that the mission of the poet in the creation of a typical, so that the typical individuality, personality typical; and that the typical characters should be those who and how similar to his character set In one. He also emphasizes that art must serve the community; that the artist not only describes sin and virtue, but also points out the educational significance; the artist must be both a moral and a politician.
In April 1830, Balzac "human comedy" in the "private life scene" two volumes published. However, he was deeply concerned about the situation of French literary creators. Although the Act of Decree enacted in 1791 and the Reproduction Act promulgated in 1793 established the principle of copyright, plagiarism, plagiarism, and imitation of other works were still everywhere, and even his works were copied by others.
In 1831, Balzac joined the royalist party. But his political attitude and extreme royalists are not entirely consistent. He is a party in the liberal, not popular among the party members, he even publicly criticized the royalist party, saying "this party is disgusting", "This is a failed party.
On August 1, 1833, Balzac wrote in his letter to Mrs. Hanska that "European Literature" in the description of a royal guard soldier in the farm barn about Napoleon's life, is copying his " Village doctor "in an important chapter.
So, a few months later, Balzac in the "Paris magazine" published a letter to the 19th century French writers open letter, once again talked about the above problems. He not only describes how the writers are the victims, but also calls them to unite to fight. He wrote that the way out is for themselves. Is to admit their rights, is to their power between each other's recognition. In the interests of lofty interests, they were organized to form an association like a playwright (1777, established by the most important dramatist of France, the Bomaux initiative).
In January 1848, Balzac departed back to Paris to prepare their new home. At the end of September, he traveled to Ukraine, but he was no longer excited about Viezania, and in fact de orges and her daughter were indifferent to him, and worse, he was so many years of high-intensity work damage to the body Health is also debt collection. In this long winter, he suffered from encephalitis, chronic heart disease and bronchitis, his life has entered the final failure period.
After a long pursuit and awaiting, Mrs. de Sang Siya finally agreed to get married. On March 14, 1850, Madame de Hanci was willing to meet Balzac's desire for more than ten years with compassion. In the Ukrainian city of Berkeley's San Barbara Catholic Church, they held a wedding. In addition to the newlyweds, only two witnesses and a priest attended. More than a month later, they set off to return to France. The journey to the ills of the Balzac is disastrous. When they finally returned to Balzac carefully arranged love nest, he has no longer set foot on the steps, the pace of death has become more and more approaching. In his last days, Victor Hugo often came to see him, Balzac complained to his old friend that he could not complete the "human comedy".
August 18, 1850 at 11:30 on the night, Balzac did not complete the "human comedy" regret left the world. A superstar on the literary world fell like this, at the end of his life, accompanied him only gave him a lifetime of pain also helped his life mother Anne Charlotte. According to Balzac's wish, his coffin will be placed in the Lacey Cemetery.
巴爾扎克人物成就
Balzac is very important in the history of French literature. Before him, the French novel has not been completely out of the story of the pattern, the subject matter and artistic expression have a certain limit. Balzac developed the art space of the novel, almost unlimited the expansion of the literary theme, so that all aspects of society, including those who seem to be like poetry and poetic incompatible things can be painted. He draws on the characteristics of other literary themes, and combines the various artistic forms such as drama, epic, painting and modeling into the creation of novels. For the first time in the history of western literature, he has enriched the artistic skills of novels. Critics Tyler praised him, "Truly making him a philosopher, and beyond all the great art, is to put all his works together into a work, part of the works are connected to each other, the same person Repeated, and associated with each other ... ... never the artist gathered so much brilliance in the characters they want to describe, and never have such a perfect ... ... Balzacor is really great, just as he held the reality, and grip Lived all his great system, and again his paintings were united, faithful and interesting.
Balzac's greatest contribution to realist literature lies in his meticulous characterization of typical characters and social customs, and expresses the change and development of character in social environment. He depicts the upsurge of the bourgeoisie on the aristocratic society day by day in terms of "chronicles". He created the characters of the high old man, Grande, Gaobo Saike, Rustine, Luxi, bunches, vodo cold and so almost has become a literary history of different types of bourgeois representative of the model image, the future Realistic literature has had a profound impact. Although these characters are typical, but not as Dickens created by the characters as rigid, but with a distinctive personality color.
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