在美國(guó)，感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)感謝恩賜，家庭團(tuán)聚，合家歡宴的日子;是一個(gè)家家餐桌上都有火雞、填料、南瓜餡餅的日子;是一個(gè)充滿了印第安玉米、假日游行和巨型氣球的日子。

　　感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)(雙語(yǔ))

　　This week, across the Pacific, Americans are busy polishing off slices of turkey and pie, as part of the annual Thanksgiving holiday.

　　本周，太平洋彼岸的美國(guó)人正在熱火朝天地烤火雞和餡餅，這是他們每年感恩節(jié)的一部分。

　　When the fourth Thursday in November rolls around, Americans gather around their dinner tables, appetites in tow, to re-live the 1621 Plymouth feast. It’s a celebration of the country’s Pilgrim ancestors, who escaped religious persecution in England by sailing to Plymouth.

　　每年11月的第四個(gè)星期四，美國(guó)人都會(huì)團(tuán)聚一堂，帶著滿滿的食欲坐在餐桌邊，重溫1621年普利茅斯的盛宴。這是清教徒祖先流傳下來(lái)的慶典，當(dāng)年他們?yōu)榱颂与x英國(guó)的宗教迫害，遠(yuǎn)渡重洋來(lái)到了普利茅斯。

　　The first Thanksgiving is depicted as a rosy affair: grateful Pilgrims break bread with their newfound Native American friends. But there’s renewed interest in muddying this tidy narrative. After all, colonization didn’t end so cheerily for Native Americans.

　　第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)被描繪成美好的事件：心存感激的清教徒和他們新發(fā)現(xiàn)的印第安朋友一起用餐。不過(guò)現(xiàn)在有人燃起了攪亂這種共識(shí)的興趣。畢竟，對(duì)印第安人而言，殖民并不是在愉快的氛圍中結(jié)束的。

　　The character of Squanto, for instance, is portrayed in Thanksgiving stories as a kind-hearted indigenous translator who shared helpful farming tips with the Europeans. But what most stories fail to mention is how bleak Squanto’s life really was.

　　以斯匡托這個(gè)人物為例，在有關(guān)感恩節(jié)的故事里，他常被描述為熱心的土著翻譯，他和歐洲移民分享有用的農(nóng)業(yè)小竅門(mén)。但大多數(shù)的故事并沒(méi)有提及斯匡托真實(shí)的悲慘人生。

　　Europeans had previously captured Squanto and forced him into slavery. That’s how he was able to speak English when the Pilgrims arrived. The arrival of European diseases also left Squanto without a home. His community of Patuxet had all but died out.

　　歐洲人早前就俘虜了斯匡托，逼迫他成為奴隸。這就是為什么當(dāng)英國(guó)清教徒到達(dá)普利茅斯時(shí)，他就能說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。歐洲傳來(lái)的疾病也讓斯匡托失去了家人。他所在的帕丟賽特部落幾近滅絕。

　　The reaction against Thanksgiving–as a sanitized, European-focused holiday – started decades and decades ago. Native American groups have been celebrating “Un-Thanksgiving” since the 1970s. The celebration started as a protest to protect indigenous rights.

　　幾十年前，反對(duì)感恩節(jié)的活動(dòng)就開(kāi)始了，這個(gè)節(jié)日被認(rèn)為是使同化的，以歐洲人為中心的。從20世紀(jì)70年代開(kāi)始，印第安人開(kāi)始慶祝“非感恩節(jié)”。這個(gè)節(jié)日最早是保護(hù)美洲原住民權(quán)利的一項(xiàng)抗議。

　　But this year, mainstream media organizations like Buzzfeed and the National Geographic Channel are confronting the myths surrounding Thanksgiving. The four-hour Saints & Strangers miniseries is National Geographic’s attempt to go “beyond the familiar historical account of Thanksgiving”.

　　不過(guò)今年，主流媒體，如新聞聚合網(wǎng)站Buzzfeed和國(guó)家地理頻道都在和感恩節(jié)神話進(jìn)行對(duì)壘。國(guó)家地理頻道推出的四小時(shí)迷你劇《圣徒與陌生人》就試圖“顛覆大家熟悉的感恩節(jié)演變史”。

　　“So many people celebrate Thanksgiving every year, but I think most people have no idea what the story is behind it,” Saints & Strangers star Kalani Queypo told Indian Country Today.

　　《圣徒與陌生人》的主演蓋拉尼?奎珀告訴印第安國(guó)度每日媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)：“每年都有很多人慶祝感恩節(jié)，但我認(rèn)為大部分人都不知道它背后的故事。”

　　Thanksgiving isn’t the only holiday to be criticized for its simplistic depiction of colonialism. Columbus Day, the October holiday that celebrates explorer Christopher Columbus, is also coming under fire.

　　因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)化對(duì)殖民主義的描述而被詬病的節(jié)日不僅只有感恩節(jié)。每年10月紀(jì)念探險(xiǎn)家克里斯托佛?哥倫布的哥倫布日也飽受爭(zhēng)議。

　　Columbus is famous for “discovering” the New World. But historical documents show that he helped expand the slave trade to the Caribbean by using violence against the native people.

　　哥倫布以“發(fā)現(xiàn)”新大陸而聞名。不過(guò)歷史資料記載他是武力鎮(zhèn)壓原住民，將奴隸貿(mào)易擴(kuò)展到哥倫比亞地區(qū)的幫兇。

　　Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Missoula, Montana, marked 2015 by replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day. Even the Los Angeles city council considered dumping Columbus Day this year, according to the Los Angeles Times.

　　密歇根州的安娜堡市和蒙大納州的米拉蘇市在2015年以土著人民日取代了哥倫比亞日。據(jù)《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，就連洛杉磯市議會(huì)都考慮過(guò)取消今年的哥倫比亞日。

　　“Los Angeles is the most culturally diverse city in the United States, and we must find a way to honor the profound sacrifices made by countless tribal members through the centuries,” city council member Mitch O’Farrell told the newspaper.

　　市議會(huì)成員米奇?奧法雷爾告訴《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》：“洛杉磯是全美城市中文化最多元的，我們必須找到方法紀(jì)念幾百年來(lái)為我們的國(guó)家做出重大犧牲的部落同胞。”

　　Some other countries are also questioning how to remember their colonial past. On May 26, Australia observes National Sorry Day, which commemorates the aboriginal children who were taken from their homes to be “re-educated” with Western culture.

　　還有一些國(guó)家也在爭(zhēng)論該如何紀(jì)念它們的被殖民歲月。5月26日，澳大利亞慶祝了國(guó)家道歉日，紀(jì)念那些被迫離開(kāi)家人，接受西方文化再教育的土著兒童。

　　雙語(yǔ)‖ 感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)和習(xí)俗

　　Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.

　　感恩節(jié)是美國(guó)國(guó)定假日中最地道、最美國(guó)式的節(jié)日，而且它和早期美國(guó)歷史最為密切相關(guān)。

　　In 1620, the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a tempestuous two-month voyage they landed at in icy November, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.

　　1620年，一些朝圣者(或稱(chēng)為清教徒)乘坐"五月花"號(hào)船去美國(guó)尋求宗教自由。他們?cè)诤Ｉ项嶔ふ垓v了兩個(gè)月之后，終于在酷寒的十一月里，在現(xiàn)在的馬薩諸塞州的普里茅斯登陸。

　　During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of[1] starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich beyond expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed[2]. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.

　　在第一個(gè)冬天，半數(shù)以上的移民都死于饑餓和傳染病，活下來(lái)的人們?cè)诘谝粋€(gè)春季開(kāi)始播種。整個(gè)夏天他們都熱切地盼望著豐收的到來(lái)，他們深知自己的生存以及殖民地的存在與否都將取決于即將到來(lái)的收成。后來(lái)，莊稼獲得了意外的豐收，所以大家決定要選一個(gè)日子來(lái)感謝上帝的恩典。多年以后，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)宣布每年十一月的第四個(gè)星期四為感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)便定在這一天，直到如今。

　　The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food and cranberry juice and squash. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.

　　感恩節(jié)慶祝模式許多年來(lái)從未改變。豐盛的家宴早在幾個(gè)月之前就開(kāi)始著手準(zhǔn)備。人們?cè)诓妥郎峡梢猿缘教O(píng)果、桔子、栗子、胡桃和葡萄，還有葡萄干布丁、碎肉餡餅、各種其它食物以及紅莓苔汁和鮮果汁，其中最妙和最吸引人的大菜是烤火雞和番瓜餡餅，這些菜一直是感恩節(jié)中最富于傳統(tǒng)意義和最受人喜愛(ài)的食品。

　　Everyone agrees the dinner must be built around roast turkey stuffed with a bread dressing[3] to absorb the tasty juices as it roasts. But as cooking varies with families and with the regions where one lives, it is not easy to get a consensus on[4] the precise kind of stuffing for the royal bird.

　　人人都贊成感恩節(jié)大餐必需以烤火雞為主菜?；痣u在烘烤時(shí)要以面包作填料以吸收從中流出來(lái)的美味汁液，但烹飪技藝常因家庭和地區(qū)的不同而各異，應(yīng)用什幺填料也就很難求得一致。

　　Thanksgiving today is, in every sense, a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join into express their thanks for the year' s bounty and reverently ask for continued[5] blessings.

　　今天的感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)不折不扣的國(guó)定假日。在這一天，具有各種信仰和各種背景的美國(guó)人，共同為他們一年來(lái)所受到的上蒼的恩典表示感謝，虔誠(chéng)地祈求上帝繼續(xù)賜福。