中國在國際貿(mào)易中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題及對策漫談?wù)撐?/title> <meta name="keywords" content="中國,國際貿(mào)易,中的,知識產(chǎn)權(quán),問題,對策,漫談,論文,隨著,經(jīng)濟(jì)," /> <meta name="description" content="隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，國際貿(mào)易的主要形式轉(zhuǎn)化為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易包括對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓和對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行交易。目前，各個(gè)國家都已認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際貿(mào)易中的重要性，因此，在各國的對外貿(mào)易政策中都滲透了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的"/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://wyyxscd8644.com/"/> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <link href="/public/css/article.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <script>var V_PATH="/";window.onerror=function(){ return true; };</script> </head> <body> <h1><a href="http://wyyxscd8644.com/">18禁网站免费,成年人黄色视频网站,熟妇高潮一区二区在线播放,国产精品高潮呻吟AV</a></h1> <div 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id="8hh5rq1ip" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sp2 c6 fl">時(shí)間：<time class="fxtime">2015-11-11 17:09:34</time></span> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">謝樺</em><em class="user_id noshow">657</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p> 　　　隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，國際貿(mào)易的主要形式轉(zhuǎn)化為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易包括對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓和對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行交易。目前，各個(gè)國家都已認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際貿(mào)易中的重要性，因此，在各國的對外貿(mào)易政策中都滲透了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編要與大家分享的是：中國在國際貿(mào)易中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題及對策漫談相關(guān)論文。具體內(nèi)容如下，歡迎閱讀!</p><p style="text-align: center;"><br/><strong>中國在國際貿(mào)易中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題及對策漫談</strong><br/></p><p> 　　在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的今天，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際貿(mào)易中起到越來越重要的角色，在激烈的貿(mào)易競爭中，只有做好對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)，才能讓自己的國家在競爭中立于不敗之地。越來越多的國家逐漸的意識到了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的重要性，我國也在為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的開發(fā)提供有利的環(huán)境，積極制定相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)，提高企業(yè)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)意識，使我國能夠在國際競爭中發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢，促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。<br/></p><p><strong>　　一、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的國際貿(mào)易化特征</strong></p><p> 　　(一)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是國際貿(mào)易的主要形式</p><p> 　　隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，國際貿(mào)易的主要形式轉(zhuǎn)化為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易包括對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓和對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行交易。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓就涉及專利的許可、轉(zhuǎn)讓，版權(quán)的許可、轉(zhuǎn)讓等內(nèi)容，而知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品是指在產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值中知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的價(jià)值所占比重較大的產(chǎn)品，如高科技產(chǎn)品、出版物、新型藥品、新型植物等。近年來，在國際貿(mào)易中，對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)進(jìn)行交易的比重越來越大，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2003年美國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易額與1993年相比，總額上漲52%，這說明知識產(chǎn)權(quán)及其產(chǎn)品在國際貿(mào)易中所占的比例越來越大，這就要求各國要抓緊知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)，同時(shí)，也引起了一些知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的糾紛。</p><p> 　　(二)國際貿(mào)易體制中知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)制度</p><p> 　　由于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題在國際貿(mào)易中的糾紛越來越多，因此，發(fā)達(dá)國家就極力在國際貿(mào)易的體制中納入知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)制度。隨后，國際貿(mào)易組織簽署了TRIPS協(xié)議，對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)形成了一個(gè)完整的體系。TRIPS協(xié)議的制度，使知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)上升到一定的高度，規(guī)定了在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)中的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使得各成員國之間不會因?yàn)橹R產(chǎn)權(quán)而產(chǎn)生糾紛。此協(xié)議成為了處理國際貿(mào)易中知識產(chǎn)權(quán)間的矛盾的主要法律依據(jù)，它的制定，使知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)達(dá)到了一個(gè)新的里程碑。</p><p> 　　(三)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)已滲透到各國的對外貿(mào)易政策中</p><p> 　　目前，各個(gè)國家都已認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際貿(mào)易中的重要性，因此，在各國的對外貿(mào)易政策中都滲透了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。發(fā)達(dá)國家在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面占有絕對的優(yōu)勢，他們在保護(hù)方面也加強(qiáng)了力度，例如美國的“337條款”，將知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)納入了本國的對外貿(mào)易政策中;日本也在2002年就加強(qiáng)了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的海外保護(hù)。與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，發(fā)展中國家由于經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力較低，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的競爭優(yōu)勢不是很明顯，但是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入，發(fā)展中國家越來越認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)貿(mào)易的重要性，也不得不面對新的挑戰(zhàn)。例如中國就利用政策鼓勵(lì)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)出口，加強(qiáng)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)<a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/fwn/cuoshi/' target='_blank'><u>措施</u></a>。這說明，不論是發(fā)達(dá)國家還是發(fā)展中國家都已經(jīng)將知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)納入了本國的對外貿(mào)易政策中，以促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)更好、更快的發(fā)展。<br/></p><p><strong>　　二、中國在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)上存在的問題</strong></p><p> 　　(一)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理機(jī)構(gòu)人才缺失</p><p> 　　知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理機(jī)構(gòu)由于缺乏專業(yè)的人才，在管理上存在很多的問題，這就與發(fā)達(dá)國家的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理方面有了很大的差異。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理部門不能夠與國內(nèi)的企業(yè)進(jìn)行很好的溝通，使他們之間的信息交流不順暢，產(chǎn)生問題也不能得到及時(shí)的解決，這使我國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際競爭中就不存在優(yōu)勢。另外，國內(nèi)沒有專業(yè)的機(jī)構(gòu)在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面對人們進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，提高他們的技能，缺乏師資力量。此外，既懂得技術(shù)又了解法律的專業(yè)人才也嚴(yán)重缺失。</p><p> 　　(二)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)意識薄弱</p><p> 　　雖然我國已經(jīng)建立了對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面的法律法規(guī)，但是大多數(shù)企業(yè)還是缺乏對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)進(jìn)行保護(hù)的意識。有的企業(yè)不能夠及時(shí)的給自己的科研成果申請專利，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，更不懂的將科研成果在國外申請專利。這樣就導(dǎo)致很多高端的科研成果得不到法律的保護(hù)，有的企業(yè)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)被國外惡意搶走，由于缺乏對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)意識，不能夠利用法律的手段保護(hù)自己的合法利益。</p><p> 　　(三)國家與企業(yè)對科研的投入不夠</p><p> 　　要想擁有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，首先要進(jìn)行科研，現(xiàn)在好多企業(yè)對科研項(xiàng)目的投入很少，導(dǎo)致科研經(jīng)費(fèi)不足，不能夠及時(shí)的進(jìn)行技術(shù)革新，也就很難研究出新的成果。尤其在自主開發(fā)新技術(shù)方面，與發(fā)達(dá)國家的差距很大，大多數(shù)企業(yè)的核心技術(shù)都是從國外引進(jìn)的，這就導(dǎo)致中國在國際貿(mào)易的競爭中缺乏優(yōu)勢，中國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)很難進(jìn)行調(diào)整，這就會制約我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。</p><p> 　　(四)中國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律體系不健全</p><p> 　　雖然我國利用很短的時(shí)間就建立起關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律體系，但是與國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)體系相比，缺乏反壟斷方面的法律。雖然我國的反不正當(dāng)競爭法也能夠?qū)χR產(chǎn)權(quán)進(jìn)行保護(hù)，但是并不涉及限制知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的思想。與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律調(diào)整范圍還不夠，沒有對濫用專利的行為做出明確的規(guī)定。此外，我國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系還不健全，與發(fā)達(dá)國家存在一定的差距。</p><p> 　　(五)專利保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理</p><p> 　　與發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，我國的專利保護(hù)的結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。發(fā)明應(yīng)該作為專利申請中最具有科技創(chuàng)新的一項(xiàng)，而我國發(fā)明的申請比例僅為27%，外觀設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)用新型在發(fā)達(dá)國家中所占的比例都是很小的，而在我國卻占有大量的比重。專利保護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理，也造成了我國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在國際競爭中的優(yōu)勢不大。<br/></p><p><strong>　　三、我國進(jìn)行知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的對策</strong></p><p> 　　(一)轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的觀念</p><p> 　　我國雖然是發(fā)展中國家，但是作為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員國，應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對TRIPS協(xié)議的學(xué)習(xí)，了解國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)法律方面的規(guī)定，避免在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)中陷入被動(dòng)的局面。首先，要改變傳統(tǒng)的思想觀念，積極的應(yīng)訴。有的企業(yè)認(rèn)為應(yīng)訴會影響企業(yè)的發(fā)展，經(jīng)常放棄應(yīng)訴的機(jī)會，導(dǎo)致自己的合法權(quán)利得不到保護(hù);在國內(nèi)也應(yīng)建立一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的企業(yè)聯(lián)盟，當(dāng)企業(yè)的利益受到侵害的時(shí)候，企業(yè)之間可以互幫互助，形成有效統(tǒng)一、協(xié)調(diào)一致的一個(gè)整體。其次，要注重知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理人才的培養(yǎng)，企業(yè)要開發(fā)、研制自己的產(chǎn)品，加大對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的投入。當(dāng)今社會，擁有知識就是資本，國家之間的競爭簡而言之就是人才的競爭，只有加強(qiáng)對人才的培養(yǎng)，才能使我國在國際貿(mào)易的競爭中立于不敗之地。企業(yè)經(jīng)常加強(qiáng)對自己員工的培訓(xùn)，提高他們的素質(zhì)，在企業(yè)內(nèi)建立清晰的獎(jiǎng)罰制度，培養(yǎng)和壯大自己的人才隊(duì)伍。同時(shí)，也要向員工普及知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面的知識，讓每個(gè)員工都認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的重要性，使企業(yè)在國際競爭中獲得優(yōu)勢。</p><p> 　　(二)國家要制定知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的政策</p><p> 　　中國進(jìn)入世界貿(mào)易組織之后，在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面與發(fā)達(dá)國家是有一定的差距的。在國際貿(mào)易中，中國也感受到了來自發(fā)達(dá)國家在專利方面的威脅，因此，我國必須將對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)提高到國家的戰(zhàn)略高度上，才能從根本上消除危機(jī)，使經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展。首先，我國應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的政策，加大資金的投入，對專利項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行扶持。要擴(kuò)大資金的來源與<a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/chuangyee/qudao/' target='_blank'><u>渠道</u></a>，鼓勵(lì)高科技產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)與研制。另一方面，要加強(qiáng)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面的立法，完善法律體系，通過法律的手段維護(hù)自身的利益，解決各類知識產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛問題。</p><p> 　　(三)加大知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的執(zhí)法力度</p><p> 　　要對我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)執(zhí)法人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，提高他們的基本素質(zhì)?？梢哉垏獾膶＜覍λ麄冞M(jìn)行專業(yè)的培訓(xùn)，也可以選擇優(yōu)秀的執(zhí)法人員到國外高校進(jìn)修學(xué)習(xí)?？傊?，要利用一切可以利用的資源，提高執(zhí)法人員的綜合素質(zhì)。另一方面，加強(qiáng)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的宣傳工作，增強(qiáng)他們對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)意識，進(jìn)而在執(zhí)法中盡到自己的義務(wù)，真正的做好對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)，從而促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，社會的進(jìn)步。<br/></p><p><strong>　　四、<a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/zjzongjie/' target='_blank'><u>總結(jié)</u></a></strong></p><p> 　　隨著社會的發(fā)展，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)在對外貿(mào)易中起到了作用越來越關(guān)鍵，因此，加強(qiáng)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)是我國現(xiàn)階段發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略。國家積極鼓勵(lì)專利的申請，促進(jìn)我國科研項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展，不斷的提高我國自主研發(fā)的能力，不僅能夠增強(qiáng)我國在國際貿(mào)易中的競爭力，而且能夠促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，社會的和諧與進(jìn)步。</p> </div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="pnum"> <ul id="page_slice"> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="clear"></div> </ul> </div> </article>  <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="list_hot ar_related bj_mt20 louti"> <h4 class="title2 title2_te">相關(guān)文章</h4> <ul class="bj_mt20"> <li id="8hh5rq1ip" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>09-02</time> <a href="http://wyyxscd8644.com/koucai/zhichang/476108.html" title="面試過程中的18個(gè)小技巧" target="_blank">面試過程中的18個(gè)小技巧</a> </li> <li id="8hh5rq1ip" class="lb_3 chao"> <time>09-01</time> <a href="http://wyyxscd8644.com/lunwen/FM/theory/353734.html" title="淺談高校后勤社會化改革中的財(cái)務(wù)管理論文" 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