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　　積極心理學(xué)是致力于研究人的發(fā)展?jié)摿兔赖碌目茖W(xué)。塞里格曼認(rèn)為積極心理學(xué)的力量，是幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)并利用自己的內(nèi)在資源，進(jìn)而提升個人的素質(zhì)和生活的品質(zhì)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家推薦的積極心理學(xué)與教育淺談?wù)撐?，希望大家喜歡!</p><h2> 　　積極心理學(xué)與教育淺談?wù)撐钠?/h2><p> 　　《積極心理學(xué)對學(xué)校心理健康教育的啟示》</p><p> 　　摘要：積極心理學(xué)是二十世紀(jì)末產(chǎn)生于美國的一種新的研究范式，是賓西法尼亞大學(xué)教授塞里格曼(Martin E. Seligman)于1998年出任美國心理學(xué)會主席時倡議及定位的，塞里格曼和西卡森特米哈伊(M.Csik-szentmihalyi)于2000年在《美國心理學(xué)家》上刊登的《積極心理學(xué)導(dǎo)論》一文中正式提出來的。以塞里格曼和西卡森特米哈伊為代表的一大批心理學(xué)家，對積極心理學(xué)的思想與理念進(jìn)行了深刻地剖析和研究。積極心理學(xué)致力于研究人的發(fā)展?jié)撃芎兔赖碌?，這給以“問題”為導(dǎo)向和目標(biāo)的學(xué)校心理健康教育提出了新的視角，在積極心理學(xué)的視域下探討學(xué)習(xí)心理健康教育對開展學(xué)校心理健康教育具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。</p><p> 　　關(guān)鍵詞：積極心理學(xué);學(xué)校心理健康教育;啟示</p><p> 　　一、積極心理學(xué)的基本理念</p><p> 　　(一)積極心理學(xué)的本質(zhì)</p><p> 　　積極心理學(xué)是致力于研究人的發(fā)展?jié)摿兔赖碌目茖W(xué)。塞里格曼認(rèn)為積極心理學(xué)的力量，是幫助人們發(fā)現(xiàn)并利用自己的內(nèi)在資源，進(jìn)而提升個人的素質(zhì)和生活的品質(zhì);伴隨著人類社會的發(fā)展，人類的基因里面存在著積極的基因，每個人都有挖掘積極基因、自我實現(xiàn)的需要，這種需要會激發(fā)積極力量和優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，積極心理學(xué)利用這些內(nèi)在資源來幫助普通人或具有一定天賦的人最大限度地挖掘自己的潛能，并以此獲得美好的生活。心理學(xué)家有三個使命：第一是治療和修復(fù)心理疾病和心理問題。第二是使普通人生活得更快樂，更有創(chuàng)造力。第三個使命是在少數(shù)天才的生長過程中，通過對其10分?jǐn)?shù)的追蹤，對他們進(jìn)行識別和訓(xùn)練。但是在積極心理學(xué)沒誕生之前，第一個使命成為主流，第二個使命幾乎被忽略了。積極心理學(xué)的出現(xiàn)修正了這種以治療和矯治為主要目標(biāo)的心理學(xué)，它呼吁和強(qiáng)調(diào)心理學(xué)應(yīng)平衡發(fā)展，心理學(xué)在關(guān)注第一個使命的同時不應(yīng)忽略其他的使命，即在治療和預(yù)防心理疾病的同時也培養(yǎng)、建構(gòu)人類的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，二者可以相輔相成，平衡發(fā)展。</p><p> 　　(二)積極心理學(xué)的主要研究的范圍</p><p> 　　積極心理學(xué)是心理學(xué)從消極模式轉(zhuǎn)向積極模式，是心理學(xué)把研究對象從特殊轉(zhuǎn)向普通的一場深刻的變革。它的研究領(lǐng)域很廣，研究主題包括三個方面：一是積極的體驗，如幸福感和滿足感、希望和樂觀主義、快樂和充盈，重點是強(qiáng)調(diào)人要滿意地對待過去、幸福地感受現(xiàn)在以及充滿希望并樂觀地面對未來;二是積極的個人特質(zhì)，如自我決定、智慧、創(chuàng)造力、美德毅力、寬容、創(chuàng)造性、關(guān)注未來、洞察力、才能等等;三是積極的社會環(huán)境，如社會關(guān)系、文化規(guī)范、潛能發(fā)展的家庭影響等。積極心理學(xué)研究的這三個方面并不是孤立的，他們之間是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，只是為了研究的方便，人為地的將其劃分不同的方面。</p><p> 　　二、積極心理學(xué)對學(xué)校心理學(xué)的啟示</p><p> 　　(一)增加學(xué)生的福樂體驗</p><p> 　　福樂是由西卡森特米哈伊提出的一個概念，是指一種重要的積極情緒體驗。福樂就是指對某一活動或事物表現(xiàn)出濃厚的興趣并能推動個體完全投入此活動或事物的一種情緒體驗，這是一種包含愉快、興趣等多種情緒成分的綜合情緒，而且這種情緒體驗是由活動本身而不是任何其他目的引起的。這種情緒狀態(tài)在人的意識中會不斷地出現(xiàn)，就像水流一樣，是一個過程。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的業(yè)余愛好是體驗福樂的良好途徑。對學(xué)生而言，能否適應(yīng)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，決定著學(xué)業(yè)和生活的質(zhì)量。在這種情況下，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生感興趣的業(yè)余愛好，參加自己喜歡的社團(tuán)，有利于很好地適應(yīng)環(huán)境，將分離和茫然轉(zhuǎn)化為福樂體驗。同時福樂體驗也會促進(jìn)樂觀型解釋風(fēng)格的形成，進(jìn)而推動其他的積極體驗，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展。因此增加學(xué)生的福樂體驗，對促進(jìn)學(xué)生學(xué)校的心理健康教育顯得尤為重要。</p><p> 　　(二)開展希望教育</p><p> 　　希望是一種在個體處于逆境或困境時能支撐個體堅持美好理想的特定情緒。對希望與個體發(fā)展的調(diào)查表明，具有較高希望值的人能更好、更恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)對生活的不幸和壓力，即使在困境中，他們也能很好地調(diào)整自己的行為，以靈活的方式來擺脫困境。</p><p> 　　希望是一種生活態(tài)度，更是一種生活的哲學(xué)，希望可以提升學(xué)生的耐挫力，希望會使人面對挫折和不幸時更加堅強(qiáng)，希望可以促進(jìn)學(xué)生的心理抵抗力和耐挫力。由此可見，學(xué)校心理健康教育只有把學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成對未來充滿希望的個體，才能從根本上提高學(xué)生的意志和能力，從而促進(jìn)學(xué)生健康全面地發(fā)展。</p><p> 　　(三)培養(yǎng)積極健康的人格</p><p> 　　個性特征與心理健康狀況有關(guān),不良個性特征可能導(dǎo)致心理健康問題。人格是一個人的生理、心理和社會行為等諸多方面綜合的整體概念，是一個人的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)和外在行為的總和，是人在社會化過程中形成特有的自我。積極心理學(xué)認(rèn)為，個體先天的遺傳因素是人格形成不可或缺的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，一般認(rèn)為人先天的氣質(zhì)特點是一人后天人格形成的基礎(chǔ)，但人格的形成主要還是依賴人后天的社會生活經(jīng)驗，正是因為有著個體與后天社會經(jīng)驗的建構(gòu)，人與人之間才出現(xiàn)了不同的人格面貌。積極健康的人格的塑造不僅關(guān)系到學(xué)生的健康成長，也關(guān)系到和諧社會的構(gòu)建。積極健康人格的培養(yǎng)是學(xué)生成長和成才的必要條件，是提升學(xué)生的心理素質(zhì)的必由之路，是適應(yīng)教育發(fā)展的需要，因此培養(yǎng)積極健康的人格就顯得尤為重要。</p><p> 　　(四)創(chuàng)建積極的學(xué)校環(huán)境</p><p> 　　積極心理學(xué)認(rèn)為人的體驗、人的積極品質(zhì)是與環(huán)境、社會背景分不開的，是在環(huán)境中得到體現(xiàn)的，同時環(huán)境又在很大程度上影響了人，一個人良好的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性實際也是一種積極的心理品質(zhì)。積極心理學(xué)非常注重人與環(huán)境的相互影響，好的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性實際也是一種積極的心理品質(zhì)。良好的學(xué)校環(huán)境對學(xué)生的心理和發(fā)展尤為重要，特別是在以集體主義為價值取向的國度，人們更傾向于參照集體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判斷快樂，并且在評估生活時，會考慮到家庭和朋友等多種因素。因此，建設(shè)積極、健康、和諧的學(xué)校環(huán)境就尤為必要。此外積極心理學(xué)認(rèn)為人格主要是在人與社會文化環(huán)境的交互作用所形成的一個復(fù)雜的因果活動過程中得到發(fā)展，內(nèi)在因素、外部行為和社會文化環(huán)境三者共同起著作用，但積極性心理學(xué)更強(qiáng)調(diào)后天社會文化環(huán)境對人格的影響作用。因此，構(gòu)建一個良好的、積極的學(xué)校環(huán)境，對學(xué)生形成積極的人格特質(zhì)具有重要的意義。</p><p> 　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</p><p> 　　[1]Sheldon KM.Laura&Why Positive Psychology Is Necessary.Am Psycho，2001，56(3)：56—67.</p><p> 　　[2]Seligman ME.Csikszentmihalyi M.Positive Psychology：An Introduction Am Psycho，2000，55(1)：5—14.</p><p> 　　[3]Seligman ME. Authentic Happiness. Simon & Schuster Inc. 2002，17-29.</p><p> 　　[4]Cslkszentmlhalyl，[H].F10w：The Psych0109y of 0ptl一mal Experlence[H] .New York：Harper&Row，1997.13.</p><p> 　　[5]任俊.積極心理學(xué)[H].上海：上海教育出版社，2006.</p><p> 　　[6]徐方忠,邢葆平.心理咨詢門診咨客心理問題與其人格特征的關(guān)系[J].浙江醫(yī)學(xué),2007.29(9):958-960.</p><p> 　　[7]童林,李霞.積極心理學(xué)與大學(xué)生心理健康教育[J].武漢工程大學(xué)學(xué)報，2010(10)：54-57.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">點擊下頁還有更多>>>積極心理學(xué)與教育淺談?wù)撐?/span></strong><span style="text-align: center;"> </div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="pnum"> <ul id="page_slice"> <li><a>共2頁: </a></li><li><a href='#'>上一頁</a></li><li id="8hh5rq1ip" class="thisclass"><a href='#'>1</a></li><li><a href='2565025_2.html'>2</a></li><li><a href='2565025_2.html'>下一頁</a></li> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="clear"></div> </ul> </div> </article>  <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="list_hot ar_related bj_mt20 louti"> <h4 class="title2 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