小升初英語語法歸納：祈使句，感嘆句，疑問句及主謂一致
小升初英語語法歸納：祈使句，感嘆句，疑問句及主謂一致
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小升初英語語法歸納：主謂一致
1.主語是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都來了。
Each of the boys has an apple.
2. 表示總稱意義的名詞people, cattle, police做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.
The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.
3. 主語是：時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格等名詞，即使是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。
Three years passes quickly.
Two meters is not long enough.
4.主語是：clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The trousers are not expensive.
Your socks are over there.
5.主語是：family, class, team, group等名詞時(shí)，如果是作為整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果作為其中一個(gè)個(gè)的成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Our class is made up of ten students.
Our class are working very hard.
6. 主語是the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示……的數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但是主語是a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示許多，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of students in our school is large.
A number of students in our school are from America.
7.and 連接的兩個(gè)成對(duì)的名詞：fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等，表示單一的概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
小升初英語語法歸納：祈使句，感嘆句，疑問句
一.祈使句
Be careful!
Please open your books.
Let me have a try.
Don’t open the door.
口訣：祈使句無主語，主語you常省去，動(dòng)詞原形當(dāng)謂語，句首加don’t變否定。
二.感嘆句：用what 和how引導(dǎo)，what 修飾的是名詞，how修飾的是副詞或形容詞。
結(jié)構(gòu)：What + a/an + 形+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語+謂語)!
What+形+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)!
How+ 形/副 +(主語+謂語)!
_____a fine day it is! (What)
______useful work we have done! (What)
______careful my mother is! (How)
_______delicious bread it is! (What)
做題技巧：從右往左看，先劃掉感嘆號(hào)前的主語和謂語，剩下的是名詞就用what,剩下的是形容詞或者副詞就用how。當(dāng)然名詞還需辨別可數(shù)不可數(shù)來確定是否有冠詞a/an。
三.疑問句
疑問句有一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句。
1. 一般疑問句：需要用yes或no來回答。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語
Have you locked the door? Yes, I have.
Can you play the piano? Yes, I can.
2. 特殊疑問句：對(duì)句子中某一特殊部分提問的疑問句。
結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句
特殊疑問詞：“非常6+1”，即6個(gè)W開頭的疑問詞(what/who/which/where/when/why)和1個(gè)H(How)開頭的疑問詞。
★how 與what的其他用法
?、臜ow much money do you want?
How many pictures did you buy?
How fast does he drive?
How often do you go abroad?
How many times do you go swimming in summer?
How soon will you come back?
How long have you been here?
(2)What number are you?
What color is your coat?
What time is it?
What day is it today?
3. 選擇疑問句：提供兩種或兩種以上的情況，供對(duì)方選擇的。選擇疑問句不能用Yes和No回答，其答案只能是問句中提到的兩個(gè)選擇之一，如果考試中出現(xiàn)選擇疑問句的選擇題，選項(xiàng)中的Yes和No都要排除.
Do you like tea or coffee? I like coffee.
Do you speak English or French? I speak English
Who runs faster, Tom or John? Tom.
4.反意疑問句：附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問。
結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語， 前肯后否，前否后肯。
小升初英語考試中，一般以填空或者選擇的形式，讓孩子把反義疑問句后半句補(bǔ)充完整，從而來考察孩子對(duì)反義疑問句的掌握。
He likes playing football, doesn’t he?
He can speak English, can’t he?
★其他類型反意疑問句的用法
(1)There be 變成be there
There are 3 dogs, aren’t there?
There will be a meeting tomorrow, won’t there?
(2)祈使句后的反意疑問句：肯定祈使句的反意疑問句通常用will you 或won’t you, 否定祈使句的反意疑問句只用will you。
Pass me a book, will you?
Have another cup of tea, won’t you?
Don’t watch too much TV, will you?
★★L(fēng)et’s go shopping, shall we?
Let us go now, will you?
(3)陳述部分用 no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定含義。
Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?
He hardly says such words, does he?
(4)陳述句的主語是不定代詞everything, something, anything, nothing時(shí)，其后的反意疑問句主語用it。
Everything is right, isn’t it?
Nothing is in the box, is it?
(5)陳述句的主語是不定代詞everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none時(shí)，其后的反意疑問句主語用they。
Everybody has got the new books, haven’t they?
Everyone knows his job, don’t they?
Anyone can do that, can’t they?
No one is interested in math, are they?
★不定代詞做主語的反義疑問句，指物的一般用it反問，指人的用they反問。
(6)陳述部分的謂語是used to 時(shí)，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
She usted to climb the mountain, usedn’t she?/didn’t she?
(7)陳述部分有had better + do, 疑問句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
(8) 含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句中，簡短問句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關(guān)系。
She said that they were happy, didn’t she?
You think that you are funny, don’t you?___________?
但如果主句是I think, I believe等時(shí)，則簡短問句反映的是that從句中主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。
I think (that) he is serious, isn’t he?
I don’t think (that) he is serious, is he?
(9) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。 This is important, isn't it? He is unhappy, isn’t he?