小學(xué)英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總

　　英語(yǔ)是小學(xué)的一門重要科目，很多學(xué)生都非常的煩惱，只要掌握好了它的知識(shí)重難點(diǎn)，就輕松多了!

　　小學(xué)英語(yǔ)重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)

　　一、語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

　　1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.

　　2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

　　3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

　　4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.

　　5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.

　　6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)

　　二:形容詞比較級(jí)

　　當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:

　　什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

　　I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

　　An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

　　形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

　?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

　　② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

　?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

　　④ 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

　　☆注意☆

　　比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.

　　典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)

　　比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性.

　　應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

　　三:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

　　動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

　　A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

　?、?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

　?、?以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

　?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

　?、?雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

　　B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

　　are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

　　四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解

　?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

　?、?雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

　　五、人稱代詞主格及賓格

　　人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語(yǔ)意思相同，但位置不同。

　　Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

　　主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說(shuō)賓格，不放在句首。

　　Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

　　Excuse me (me 賓格)

　　I ask him to go (him 賓格)

　　They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

　　主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

　　賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

　　六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類

　　1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,

　　如:I'm a student.

　　She is a doctor.

　　He works in a hospital.

　　There are four fans in our classroom.

　　2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

　　如:I'm not a student.

　　He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

　　There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫(xiě)成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě).沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

　　3,一般疑問(wèn)句:是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來(lái)回答.

　　如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am No, I'm not.

　　Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

　　Does he work in a hospital ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

　　Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,

　?、侔褎?dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫(xiě),末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可.

　　②沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可.

　　這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致,即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.

　　4,特殊疑問(wèn)句:以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來(lái)回答.如:

　　What is this?

　　Where are you going?

　　Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

　　When do you usually get up?

　　Why do you like spring best ?

　　How are you?

　　☆注意☆ 小結(jié):

　　其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問(wèn)詞組用來(lái)提問(wèn),如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

　　例句:How many pencils do you have ?

　　How many girls can you see ?

　　how many 用來(lái)提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見(jiàn)多少……

　　How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……

　　七:完全,縮略形式

　　1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a(bǔ)打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

　　2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語(yǔ)意思相同。

　　3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí)，一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

　　4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)

　　5、記?。簍his is 沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)

　　6.常見(jiàn)的縮略形式：

　　I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is

　　they're=they are you're=you are

　　there's=there is they're=they are

　　can't=can not don't=do not

　　doesn't=does not isn't=is not

　　aren't=are not let's=let us

　　won't=will not I'll=I will

　　wasn't=was not