做的化學(xué)試驗(yàn)類型?？?/title> <meta name="keywords" content="化學(xué)試驗(yàn)" /> <meta name="description" content="世界由物質(zhì)組成，主要存在著化學(xué)變化和物理變化兩種變化形式還有核反應(yīng)，下面給大家分享一些關(guān)于做的化學(xué)試驗(yàn)類型?？?，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。一、噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)1、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：氨氣極易溶于水，擠壓膠頭滴管，少量的水即可溶解大量的氨氣(1：700)，使燒瓶?jī)?nèi)壓強(qiáng)迅速減小，外界大氣壓將燒杯中的水壓入上面的燒瓶，故NH3、HCl、 HBr 、HI、 SO2 等氣體均能溶于水形成噴泉。2、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象：產(chǎn)生紅色噴泉(氨氣溶于水形成堿性溶液，酚酞遇堿顯紅色)3、實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)鍵：①氨氣應(yīng)充滿 ②燒瓶應(yīng)干燥 ③裝置不得漏氣4、實(shí)驗(yàn)拓展："/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://wyyxscd8644.com/"/> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <link href="/public/css/article.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> <script>var V_PATH="/";window.onerror=function(){ return true; };</script> </head> <body> <h1><a 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href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/'>學(xué)習(xí)啦</a> > <a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/xuexiff/'>學(xué)習(xí)方法</a> > <a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/xuexiff/xueke/'>各學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)方法</a> > <a href='http://wyyxscd8644.com/xuexiff/huahuaxue/'>化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法</a> > </div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="ar_con_nr"> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="con_l fl"> <article class="ar_con bg louti"> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="ar_title"> <h1>做的化學(xué)試驗(yàn)類型?？?/h1> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="ar_title_b"> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sub_title clear"> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sp2 c6 fl">時(shí)間：<time class="fxtime">2024-01-24 12:15:52</time></span> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="sp1 c6 fl"><em id="zuozhe" class="noshow">維維2</em><em class="user_id noshow">0</em>由 <em class="nickname"></em> 分享</span> <span id="8hh5rq1ip" class="fl arc_btn"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="y_ju"></div> <div id="8hh5rq1ip" class="con_article con_main" id="contentText"> <p>世界由物質(zhì)組成，主要存在著化學(xué)變化和物理變化兩種變化形式還有核反應(yīng)，下面給大家分享一些關(guān)于做的化學(xué)試驗(yàn)類型常考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。</p><h2>一、噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)</h2><p>1、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：氨氣極易溶于水，擠壓膠頭滴管，少量的水即可溶解大量的氨氣(1：700)，使燒瓶?jī)?nèi)壓強(qiáng)迅速減小，外界大氣壓將燒杯中的水壓入上面的燒瓶，</p><p>故NH3、HCl、 HBr 、HI、 SO2 等氣體均能溶于水形成噴泉。</p><p>2、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象：產(chǎn)生紅色噴泉(氨氣溶于水形成堿性溶液，酚酞遇堿顯紅色)</p><p>3、實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)鍵：①氨氣應(yīng)充滿 ②燒瓶應(yīng)干燥 ③裝置不得漏氣</p><p>4、實(shí)驗(yàn)拓展：CO2、H2S、Cl2 等與水不能形成噴泉，但與NaOH溶液可形成噴泉</p><h2>二、銅與濃硫酸反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)</h2><p>1、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：Cu+2H2SO4(濃)CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O</p><p>2、現(xiàn)象：加熱之后，試管中的品紅溶液褪色，或試管中的紫色石蕊試液變紅;將反應(yīng)后的溶液倒入盛有水的燒杯中，溶液由黑色變成藍(lán)色。</p><p>3、原因解釋：變黑的物質(zhì)為被濃硫酸氧化生成CuO，CuO與沖稀的硫酸反應(yīng)生成了CuSO4溶液。</p><p>【提示】由于此反應(yīng)快，利用銅絲，便于及時(shí)抽出，減少污染。</p><p>4、命題角度：SO2的性質(zhì)及產(chǎn)物的探究、“綠色化學(xué)”及尾氣的處理等。</p><h2>三、鋁熱反應(yīng)</h2><p>1、實(shí)驗(yàn)操作步驟：把少量干燥的氧化鐵和適量的鋁粉均勻混合后放在紙漏斗中，在混合物上面加少量氯酸鉀固體中，中間插一根用砂紙打磨過(guò)的鎂條，點(diǎn)燃。</p><p>2、實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象：立即劇烈反應(yīng)，發(fā)出耀眼的光芒，產(chǎn)生大量的煙，紙漏斗被燒破，有紅熱狀態(tài)的液珠，落入蒸發(fā)皿內(nèi)的細(xì)沙上，液珠冷卻后變?yōu)楹谏腆w。</p><p>3、化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式：Fe2O3+2Al 2Fe+Al2O3</p><p>4、注意事項(xiàng)：</p><p>(1)要用打磨凈的鎂條表面的氧化膜，否則難以點(diǎn)燃。</p><p>(2)玻璃漏斗內(nèi)的紙漏斗要厚一些，并用水潤(rùn)濕，以防損壞漏斗</p><p>(3)蒸發(fā)皿要墊適量的細(xì)沙：一是防止蒸發(fā)皿炸裂，二是防止熔融的液體濺出傷人。</p><p>(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置不要距人太近，防止使人受傷。</p><p>5、命題角度：實(shí)驗(yàn)操作步驟及化學(xué)方程式。</p><h2>四、中和熱實(shí)驗(yàn)(了解)</h2><p>1、概念：酸與堿發(fā)生中和反應(yīng)生成1 mol水時(shí)所釋放的熱量</p><p>注意：(1)酸、堿分別是強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿對(duì)應(yīng)的方程式：H++OH-=H2O△H=-57.3KJ/mol</p><p>(2)數(shù)值固定不變，它與燃燒熱一樣，因具有明確的含義，故文字表達(dá)時(shí)不帶正負(fù)號(hào)。</p><p>2、中和熱的測(cè)定注意事項(xiàng)：</p><p>(1)為了減少誤差，必須確保熱量盡可能的少損失，實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)兩次，去測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的平均值作計(jì)算依據(jù)</p><p>(2)為了保證酸堿完全中和常采用H+或OH-稍稍過(guò)量的方法</p><p>(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)若使用了弱酸或弱堿，引種和過(guò)程中電離吸熱，會(huì)使測(cè)得的中和熱數(shù)值偏小</p><h2>五、酸堿中和滴定實(shí)驗(yàn)(了解)</h2><p>(以一元酸與一元堿中和滴定為例)</p><p>1、原理：C酸V酸=C堿V堿</p><p>2、要求：①準(zhǔn)確測(cè)算的體積. ②準(zhǔn)確判斷滴定終點(diǎn)</p><p>3、酸式滴定管和堿式滴定管的構(gòu)造：①0刻度在滴定管的上端，注入液體后，仰視讀數(shù)數(shù)值偏大②使用滴定管時(shí)的第一步是查漏③滴定讀數(shù)時(shí)，記錄到小數(shù)點(diǎn)后兩位④滴定時(shí)一般用酚酞、甲基橙作指示劑，不用石蕊試液。④酸堿式滴定管不能混用，如酸、具有氧化性的物質(zhì)一定用酸式滴定管盛裝。</p><p>4、操作步驟(以0.1 molL-1的鹽酸滴定未知濃度的氫氧化鈉溶液為例)</p><p>①查漏、洗滌、潤(rùn)洗</p><p>②裝液、趕氣泡、調(diào)液面、注液(放入錐形瓶中)</p><p>③滴定：眼睛注視錐形瓶中溶液中溶液顏色的變化，當(dāng)?shù)蔚阶詈笠坏?，溶液顏色發(fā)生明顯變化且半分鐘內(nèi)部不變色即為滴定終點(diǎn)</p><p>5、命題角度：滴定管的結(jié)構(gòu)、讀數(shù)及中和滴定原理。</p><h2>六、氯堿工業(yè)</h2><p>1、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理：電解飽和的食鹽水的電極反應(yīng)為：2NaCl+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑</p><p>2、應(yīng)用：電解的離子方程式為2Cl-+2H2O==2OH-+H2↑+Cl2↑，陰極產(chǎn)物是H2和NaOH，陰極被電解的H+是由水電離產(chǎn)生的，故陰極水的電離平衡被破壞，陰極區(qū)溶液呈堿性。若在陰極區(qū)附近滴幾滴酚酞試液，可發(fā)現(xiàn)陰極區(qū)附近溶液變紅。陽(yáng)極產(chǎn)物是氯氣，將濕潤(rùn)的KI淀粉試紙放在陽(yáng)極附近，試紙變藍(lán)。</p><p>3、命題角度：兩極上析出產(chǎn)物的判斷、產(chǎn)物的性質(zhì)及相關(guān)電解原理</p><h2>七、電鍍</h2><p>(1)電鍍的原理：與電解原理相同。電鍍時(shí)，一般用含有鍍層金屬陽(yáng)離子的電解質(zhì)溶液作電鍍液，把待鍍金屬制品浸入電鍍液中，與直流電源的負(fù)極相連，作陰極;用鍍層金屬作陽(yáng)極，與直流電源的正極相連，陽(yáng)極金屬溶解，成為陽(yáng)離子，移向陰極，這些離子在陰極上得電子被還原成金屬，覆蓋在鍍件的表面。</p><p>(2)電鍍池的組成：待鍍金屬制品作陰極，鍍層金屬作陽(yáng)極，含有鍍層金屬離子的溶液作電鍍液，陽(yáng)極反應(yīng)：M – ne- =Mn+(進(jìn)入溶液)，陰極反應(yīng)Mn+ + ne- =M(在鍍件上沉積金屬)</p><p>做的化學(xué)試驗(yàn)類型常考相關(guān)文章：</p><p>★ <a 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