學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要集中精力，養(yǎng)成良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，是節(jié)省學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和提高學(xué)習(xí)效率的最為基本的方法。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納，希望對(duì)您有所幫助!

初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

1.介詞的功能

介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語(yǔ))

The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語(yǔ))

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ))

Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

2.常用介詞的用法辨析

(1)表時(shí)間的介詞

at, in on

表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2022, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

since, after

由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段，但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去，因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

in, after

in與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

(2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞

at, in, on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

across, through

across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

They walked through the forest.

I pushed through the crowds.

in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以?xún)?nèi)。例如：

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

3.介詞的固定搭配

介詞往往同其他詞類(lèi)形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。

(1)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。

(2)介詞與名詞的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

動(dòng)詞篇：

1.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)

(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的`賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：

Don’t laugh at others.

Tom asked his parents for a bike.

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞

常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：

You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：

Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：

You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞

常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞

常見(jiàn)的有take place, make friends等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中知識(shí)點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。

The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。

I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。

We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車(chē)。

2. 使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

Let’s have a rest. 我們休息一會(huì)吧。

I saw him come in. 我看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)了。

感官動(dòng)詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可跟v-ing作賓補(bǔ)，前者表示動(dòng)作的全部過(guò)程已結(jié)束;后者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

I saw him come downstairs.我看見(jiàn)他下了樓。(說(shuō)明他下樓了這件事)

I saw him coming downstairs.我看見(jiàn)他在下樓。(說(shuō)明他下樓時(shí)的情景)

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)

Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開(kāi)家到不同的城市工作。

He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。

In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.

為了趕上其他同學(xué)，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。

九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期知識(shí)點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

后面能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。

1、We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。

2、The man decided to do it herself. 那個(gè)男人決定自己做那件事。

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)(2點(diǎn))

1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同：

remember to do 記住要做某事

remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事

forget to do忘記要做某事

forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事

stop to do 停下來(lái)去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事

go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事

2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。