機(jī)械表英語怎么說
機(jī)械表英語怎么說
機(jī)械表通?？煞譃槭謩?dòng)上鏈及自動(dòng)上鏈?zhǔn)直韮煞N，如今機(jī)械表仍是一種潮流，那么你知道機(jī)械表用英語怎么表達(dá)嗎，現(xiàn)在跟學(xué)習(xí)啦小編一起學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于機(jī)械表的英語知識(shí)吧。
機(jī)械表英語怎么說
Swatch, the world's largest watch company, known for its colorful plastic watches, owns a near-monopoly on the manufacturing and sale of precision mechanical movements and components in the Alpine nation.
But starting next year it will cut essential supplies it has sold to competitors for more than three decades, first by 25%, then tapering them each year until Dec. 31, 2019, when it will pull the plug entirely.
The ruling is one of the biggest shifts to hit Swiss mechanical watch industry since its founding.
以生產(chǎn)彩色塑料手表著稱的斯沃琪集團(tuán)是世界上最大的鐘表公司。在這個(gè)阿爾卑斯高山國家，斯沃琪集團(tuán)幾乎壟斷了精密機(jī)械機(jī)芯和其他部件的制造和銷售。
但從明年開始，這家公司將改變已經(jīng)延續(xù)了三十多年的做法，開始削減出售給競爭對手的關(guān)鍵零部件數(shù)量。最初削減25%，然后逐年減少，直至2019年12月31日徹底停止供應(yīng)。
這項(xiàng)裁定堪稱為瑞士機(jī)械表行業(yè)自創(chuàng)立以來遭受的最大沖擊之一。
【講解】
文中的mechanical watch就是“機(jī)械表”的意思，其中mechanical是形容詞，解釋為“機(jī)械的;機(jī)器操作的”，如：The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect.(那款新汽車因有機(jī)械缺陷只好撤出市場。);它和mechanic是形近詞，較易混淆，mechanic用作名詞時(shí)，意為“機(jī)械師;機(jī)械學(xué)”，如：motor mechanic(汽車機(jī)修工)。
文中第一句中的monopoly是名詞，意為“壟斷”，如：monopoly capital(壟斷資本)，monopoly price(壟斷價(jià)格)。
機(jī)械表的英語例句
這種裝置在機(jī)械表制造工業(yè)中是很需要的。
This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry.
機(jī)械表將會(huì)造得和電子表一樣準(zhǔn)確嗎?
Will mechanical watches be made as accurate as electronic ones?
我就買一塊石英表，代替我的老機(jī)械表吧。
I'll take a quartz watch to replace my old mechanical one.
第一同時(shí)也是最明顯的是，瑞士幾乎占據(jù)著壟斷地位，特別是在頂級機(jī)械表市場上。
First, and most obvious, Switzerland has a virtual monopoly, especially for top-priced mechanical watches.
首先，你需要一個(gè)正常工作的機(jī)械表，天氣必須是晴天。
First , you'll need a non-digital watch in working condition and a sunny day.
這兩種機(jī)械表都不需要使用電池，因此更加環(huán)保。
In both cases, no batteries are required, therefore it is more ecological.
為了保持走時(shí)，機(jī)械表的彈簧需要定期上弦。
In order to keep working, the spring of the mechanical watch has to wound periodically.
可直接固定墻上或安裝在電線桿上，能安裝任何規(guī)格機(jī)械表或電子表。
It can be directly fixed on the wall or installed on the electric pole, and suitable for any specification of electronic meter.
他從機(jī)械表的構(gòu)造中學(xué)到了管理企業(yè)的關(guān)鍵：完整的結(jié)構(gòu)組成，合理的配合，要有動(dòng)力。
The structure of a mechanical watch has taught him keys to running a business: completeness in structural components, close cooperation between different parts, and strong motivation.
最后一張照片顯示夾具湯姆用于旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械表的外部形狀搖桿武器與他們四舍五入目的。
The last photo shows the fixture Tom used in the rotary table to machine the outer shape of the rocker arms with their rounded ends.
價(jià)錢在兩百美元左右的機(jī)械表是哪種?
Which is the automatic one for about two hundred dollars?
戴弗爾的理論至少能在一定程度上解釋，為什么近十年來買家愿意花天價(jià)購入手表，尤其是機(jī)械表。
Diver's theory goes at least some way to explaining why buyers have been willing to pay the sky-high prices of the past decade, particularly for mechanical watches;
而控制機(jī)械表快慢的旋轉(zhuǎn)平衡擺輪每秒通常只能來回五次左右。
The spinning balance wheel that paces a mechanical watch typically rocks back and forth at about five beats a second.
傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械表時(shí)，若手表有售后服務(wù)，應(yīng)確定質(zhì)保期不少于六個(gè)月。
When buying a vintage watch, ensure that there is a guarantee of at least six months if the watch is being sold as serviced.
關(guān)于機(jī)械表的英文閱讀：制表大師喬治·丹尼爾斯
A SCHOOLBOY once asked George Daniels what he had at the end of the chain that led to his pocket. A silly question, really. But it was worth asking, because what Mr Daniels pulled out, carefully, was what he called his Space Traveller's Watch. It gave mean solar time, mean sidereal time, equation of time, and could chart the phases of the moon. Mr Daniels liked to say it would be useful for trips to Mars. He had surmised almost the same when, at five or six, he had first prised open with a fairly blunt breadknife the back of an old watch he had found at home, and seen “the centre of the universe” inside.
一名男學(xué)生曾經(jīng)問喬治·丹尼爾斯，他那根伸進(jìn)衣袋的鏈子末端有什么。多么愚蠢的問題。但是值得一答。因?yàn)榈つ釥査剐⌒囊硪韽目诖锬贸鰜淼谋肀凰Q為“宇宙旅行者之表”。表盤上不僅能顯示平太陽時(shí)，還能顯示平恒星時(shí)、時(shí)差，記錄月相。丹尼爾斯說，去火星旅行的時(shí)候這款表就能大顯身手。其實(shí)在五六歲的時(shí)候他就想到這一點(diǎn)了。那是他第一次用鈍了的面包刀剖開家里的一塊舊表，看見了“宇宙的核心”。
He had never imagined then that he would make the universe by hand. But he did. Every component of his Space Traveller's Watch—as of the 36 other watches he made, each unique, over his 42 working years—was produced from scratch. He made the screws, the springs and the levers, the pallets and gears, the hands and the plain, often numberless dials. He also made the tools that made them, except for the lathes and turning engines. No one else had ever learned the dozens of necessary skills. But after years of teaching himself horology from clocks bought for a bob or two at jumble sales, or comrades' broken watches in the army, or the wonderful Breguet and old English timepieces he went on to restore for collectors, he had begun to think, why not?
那時(shí)候丹尼爾斯還從未想象過自己能夠?qū)⒄麄€(gè)宇宙納入一塊表中。但是他確實(shí)做到了。在42年的制表生涯中，他一共制作了37塊表，每一塊都獨(dú)一無二。其中之一便是“宇宙旅行者之表”。表的每一部分都是由他親手制作，沒有使用任何外來的零件——螺釘、彈簧、杠桿、托盤和齒輪、指針以及簡潔但是有無數(shù)刻度的鐘面。連用來制作這些零件的工具都是他自己做的——用來發(fā)動(dòng)引擎的車床除外。在丹尼爾斯之前，沒有人學(xué)過如許多基本的制表技術(shù)。他自學(xué)鐘表制作多年，這些鐘表有的是花一兩個(gè)先令從舊貨攤上買來的，有的是軍隊(duì)軍官用壞了的，還有的是他為收藏者修復(fù)的精致無比的寶璣(Breguet)表和古老的英國座鐘。多年后，他自問：為什么我不能自己制表呢?
Hour after hour, for it wasn't the sort of work you could just do a little of and leave again, he would cut and shape, file and polish, temper and hammer. The work flowed from the tools almost unconsciously. He learned from a craftsman in Clerkenwell how to make cases, usually of gold with a silver back and bezels. His first watch was sold to a collector friend, Sam Clutton, in 1970 for ￡1,900; when sold in 2002, it fetched more than ￡200,000.
他就這樣開始了制表生涯。他會(huì)連續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)地工作，切割塑造出基本形狀，用矬子將表打磨光滑，用小錘調(diào)整精確度。這些工作不允許匠人只敲打一會(huì)兒就去做的別的事情。匠人幾乎是無意識(shí)地被工具操控著。丹尼爾斯向一名匠人學(xué)習(xí)怎樣制作表盒，通常是那種銀質(zhì)的背部和帶有銀質(zhì)表座的金質(zhì)表盒。他的第一塊表于1970年以1900英鎊的價(jià)格賣給了一個(gè)名叫Sam Clutton的收藏家朋友。而這塊表在2002年賣出的時(shí)候，售價(jià)超過了20萬英鎊。
Tick, tock
滴答，滴答
A hard, poor childhood in north London had given him a nose for a deal and a sharp sense of the value of everything. But his pieces were private experiments, not commissions. He wanted to build watches that kept better time than any in the 500 years before. The general public was happy, from the late 1960s, with quartz models that lost, on average, two or three seconds a month. But Mr Daniels was determined to show that a mechanical watch could beat them. In the mid-1970s he made a double-escapement watch for Mr Clutton which, over 32 days, lost less than a second. His happiness at beating quartz came close to his boyhood joy when a wall-clock he had mended magnificently exploded, springs and glass everywhere, as the family ate their bread and jam at the supper table.
丹尼爾斯在倫敦北部度過了他貧窮艱苦的童年，這一段生活經(jīng)歷培養(yǎng)了他善于發(fā)現(xiàn)商機(jī)的天才和對一切事物價(jià)值的敏銳直覺。但是他制作的鐘表都是個(gè)人的試驗(yàn)品，而非受委托制作的商品。他還想制作出五百年來報(bào)時(shí)最準(zhǔn)確的表。從20世紀(jì)60年代以來，人們就使用石英表，并對其每個(gè)月平均誤差兩到三秒的性能十分滿意。但是他下定決心要制作出前無古人的機(jī)械表。20世紀(jì)70年代中期，他為Sam Clutton制作了一塊雙擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)的表。32天里表的誤差沒有超過一秒。這次他的表打敗了石英表所帶來的喜悅不亞于孩提時(shí)代他修過的家里的壁鐘突然爆炸，彈簧和玻璃蹦得到處都是帶給孩子的驚喜，而那時(shí)全家人正圍著餐桌吃果醬面包呢。
Now he had to improve on the lever escapement, which had been invented in 1754 by the English horologist Thomas Mudge and used in most watches since. It worked by friction, as the teeth of the gears slid over the pallet; but this arrangement needed lubrication, and as the oil degraded the watch lost time. Mr Daniels became obsessed with the tick, tock of clocks (a sound that filled his various homes, together with silvery chimes), and how to get an impulse on both the tick and the tock that would not be affected by humidity, temperature, oil sludge or agitation. His solution, invented in 1976, was the co-axial escapement, an arrangement in which two wheels, placed one above the other, transmitted to the pallet a radial impulse that needed no lubrication and so (if wound) would never stop.
接著他要完善的是叉瓦式擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)。叉瓦式擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)1754年由英國制表師Thomas Mudge發(fā)明，從那以后就廣泛運(yùn)用于大部分表中。它的表面指針由齒輪在托盤上滑動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的摩擦帶動(dòng)。但是這一工作原理要求內(nèi)部零件保持潤滑，否則隨著潤滑度的磨損，報(bào)時(shí)會(huì)逐漸喪失準(zhǔn)確性。隨著研究的深入，丹尼爾斯越來越對鐘表發(fā)出的滴答聲著迷，這聲音和銀鈴般的報(bào)時(shí)鐘聲，在他的每一處宅邸里蕩漾。他還癡迷于解決如何使表獲得傳動(dòng)又不受濕度、溫度、潤滑度和震動(dòng)影響的問題。該問題的解決方案于1976年誕生，這便是同軸式擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)。這一裝置由疊置于托盤上的兩個(gè)齒輪組成，兩個(gè)齒輪會(huì)向托盤傳遞放射狀的傳動(dòng)力而不需要任何的潤滑，因此永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止(如果“永遠(yuǎn)”可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的話)。
That achievement earned him many honours for services to horology, but it was only the beginning of a long slog to get his idea accepted. The world of clocks and watches was a closed one. He knew it himself, because his boyhood watch studies from library books were a private realm only he could understand, and the 18th-century English masters—Mudge, Arnold, Earnshaw—the only real friends he had. Watchmakers kept the secrets they learned in their lonely working hours. Even later, when he had put himself in the millionaires' bracket and had to move to the Isle of Man for tax reasons, his friends were in the motoring clubs where he shared his other passion, for vintage Bentleys and racing cars. He had no watchmaker friends at all.
這一成就作為他對鐘表業(yè)的杰出貢獻(xiàn)，為他贏得了諸多榮譽(yù)。但這只是他為普及自己的技術(shù)使用而踏上的荊棘之路的起點(diǎn)。鐘表業(yè)界是一個(gè)封閉的世界。他通過自己的經(jīng)歷得出這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗陼r(shí)從圖書館的書籍上獲得的鐘表知識(shí)構(gòu)成了一個(gè)只有他自己才能涉足的私人領(lǐng)域，而18世紀(jì)英國的制表大師Mudge, Arnold和Earnshaw是他僅有的真正的朋友。制表師們都各自保留著他們在孤獨(dú)工作時(shí)知悉的鐘表的秘密。即使后來，丹尼爾斯進(jìn)入百萬富翁的行列，為了避重稅不得不搬到馬恩島(Isle of Man)，他的朋友也僅限于摩托俱樂部內(nèi)，這里有他能找到對老式賓利車和賽車的共同愛好者。他的朋友里沒有一個(gè)是制表師。
So it was no surprise to him, though keenly disappointing, that the Swiss watchmaking industry was neither eager to look at the co-axial escapement, nor able to understand it. He did the rounds of the factories for more than 20 years. After four years with Patek Philippe, he could not persuade them to make it. Omega began to produce it in limited editions in 2006, after seven years of “development” that Mr Daniels dismissed as unnecessary. Large-scale production would have been too expensive. But Mr Daniels also suspected sheer dislike of outsiders.
所以，瑞士的鐘表制作業(yè)對他的同軸式擒縱機(jī)構(gòu)既不感興趣也不能理解，這也是他意料之中的事，盡管他還是為此十分失望。他花了二十多年時(shí)間尋找鐘表制造商來采用他的技術(shù)，為了說服百達(dá)翡麗(Patek Philippe)他就花了整整四年，但是仍然失敗了。歐米茄在對同軸式擒縱技術(shù)進(jìn)行七年的“發(fā)展”后開始利用該技術(shù)生產(chǎn)限量版手表，而這七年在丹尼爾斯眼里毫無必要。歐米茄稱“限量”是因?yàn)榇笠?guī)模生產(chǎn)成本過高，但是丹尼爾斯懷疑他們僅僅是不歡迎圈外人。
While restoring the timepieces made by his idol Breguet in the 19th century, he had made two clocks in the same style, just to prove he could beat the master. They were so fine that the company insisted on putting the Breguet secret signatures on them. Mr Daniels went along with it. He had a secret cipher of his own, though, a dove with an olive branch. It meant peace to his rivals, French or Swiss; but if the most ingenious invention in watchmaking for 250 years was too tricky for them, why, he would just pick it up, snap it shut and put it back in his pocket.
在修復(fù)他的偶像Breguet制作于19世紀(jì)的座鐘的同時(shí)，他還制作了兩臺(tái)同樣風(fēng)格的座鐘，僅僅為了證明他可以戰(zhàn)勝這位制表大師。這兩臺(tái)座鐘高貴典雅精美絕倫，寶璣表公司(Breguet)甚至堅(jiān)持要將Breguet的秘密簽名刻在上面。丹尼爾斯同意了。他自己也有一個(gè)秘密簽名，是一只銜著橄欖枝的鴿子，意味著與競爭對手法國和瑞士之間的和睦相處。但是如果250年來鐘表制造業(yè)中最具天才的發(fā)明對于這兩個(gè)國家太過神秘晦澀，那么，丹尼爾斯何不收起他的表，“啪”地一聲合上表蓋，放回衣袋呢。
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