When while as在英語中有什么區(qū)別
下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于When while as在英語中的區(qū)別,希望對(duì)大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有幫助。
一、簡(jiǎn)單記憶
(1) 若主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,三者都可用:
He fell asleep when [while, as] he was reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。
【注】as 用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在……期間”時(shí),主句的謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(action)和發(fā)展(development) 意味的動(dòng)詞,一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能換為 as:
A:I'm going to the post office. 我要去郵局。
B:While you're there, can you get me some stamps? 當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí),能幫我買幾張郵票嗎?
(2) 若主、從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,通常要用 while, while 不能換為 as
Don't talk while you're eating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說話。
I kept silent while he was writing. 在他寫的時(shí)候,我默不做聲。
但是,若主從句表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊…一邊”之意思,通常用 as:
She sang as she went along. 她邊走邊唱。
(3) 若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,可用 when(不規(guī)范時(shí)也可用as , 但不用 while:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。
(4) 若主、從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,用 as / when:
I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要說的時(shí)候,我也想到了。
(5) 若要表示兩個(gè)正在發(fā)展變化的情況,相當(dāng)于漢語的“隨著”,一般用 as:
Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 隨著時(shí)間的推移,情況越來越好。
As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚,天氣越冷。
As the science and technology is developing, there are more means of communication.
(6) 表示“每當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”(暗示一種規(guī)律性),一般要用 when:
It's cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。
He smiles when you praise him. 你夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。
(7) 若主、從句所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,而是有先后順序時(shí),一般要用 when:
I will go home when he comes back. 他回來時(shí),我就回家去。
(8) when 可用作并列連詞,表示“這時(shí)(突然)”;while 也可以用作并列連詞,表示“而”、“卻”(表示對(duì)比);但 as 則沒有類似用法:
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們正要出發(fā),這時(shí)天開始下雨了。
He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜歡咖啡,而她卻喜歡茶。
(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一個(gè)名詞,構(gòu)成省略句,但 while 一般不這樣用:
As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小時(shí)候在日本。
=As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小時(shí)候在日本。
(10) when 和 while 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞等構(gòu)成省略句,但 as 一般不這樣用:
When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。
When [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻煩的時(shí)候你就去找她幫忙。
二、系統(tǒng)串講
一、 as的意思是“正當(dāng)……時(shí)候(just as,at the same moment that)”“隨著……(while,when)”,它既可表示一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可以表示一段時(shí)間。as可表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)持續(xù),即“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”“段段重合”;又可表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程中,即“點(diǎn)線重合”,但不能表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一前一后發(fā)生。如果主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,二者均可用進(jìn)行時(shí),也可以一個(gè)用進(jìn)行時(shí),一個(gè)用一般時(shí)或者都用一般時(shí)。例如:
1、As I got on the bus, he got off.
我上車,他下車。(點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合)
2、 He was writing as I was reading.
我看書時(shí),他在寫字。(段段重合)
3、 The students were talking as the teacher came in.
老師進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們正在講話。(點(diǎn)段重合)
二、while的意思是“在……同時(shí)(at the same time that )”“在……期間(for as long as, during the time that)”。從while的本身詞義來看,它只能表示一段時(shí)間,不能表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。在時(shí)間上可以是“段段重合”或“點(diǎn)段重合”,但不能表示“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”。例如:
1、He was watching TV while she was cooking. =可用when代替
她做飯時(shí),他在看電視。(段段重合)
2、 He was waiting for me while I was working. =可用when代替
我工作的時(shí)候,他正等著我。(段段重合)
3、 He asked me a question while I was speaking.=可用when代替
我在講話時(shí),他問了我一個(gè)問題。(點(diǎn)段重合)
三、when的意思是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候(at the time that)”“無論什么時(shí)候(whenever)” “一……就……(as soon as )” “在……以后(after)”。它表示的時(shí)間概念比較廣泛,上述例句中的as或while均可用when代替,因?yàn)閣hen不但可以表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn),而且也可以表示一段時(shí)間。在時(shí)間上它既能表示“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”“段段重合”,又能表示“點(diǎn)段重合”。例如:
1、When he came in,she went out.
他進(jìn)來,她出去。(點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合)
此句中when從句的動(dòng)作表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),when可以用as代替,但不能用while代替。
2、When he came back,I was doing some washing.
他回來時(shí),我在洗衣服。(點(diǎn)段重合)
此句中when從句的動(dòng)作表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),所以只能用as代替,不能用while代替。
3. When Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.
瑪麗寫信時(shí),孩子們都在外面玩。(段段重合)
此句中的when從句的動(dòng)作表示的是一段時(shí)間,故可用as 或 while代替。
三、初學(xué)者必讀
一、根據(jù)從句動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性來區(qū)分
1、“主短---從長(zhǎng)”型:即主句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)三者都可用。如:
Jim hurt his arm while[when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打網(wǎng)球時(shí)把手臂扭傷了。
As[When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火車時(shí),變得很不耐煩。
注意:as 用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在……期間”時(shí),其謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(action)和發(fā)展(development)意味的動(dòng)詞,一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 be,seem,love,want,agree,see,know,have等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能換為 as:
A:I'm going to the post office. 我要去郵局。
B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps?當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí),能幫我買幾張郵票嗎?
2、“主長(zhǎng)---從長(zhǎng)”型:即主句和從句為兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,此時(shí)通常要用while。
I always listen to the radio while I'm driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機(jī)。
He didn't ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他沒有讓我進(jìn)去,他只顧看那張條子,讓我站在門口等著。
但是,若主句和從句所表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時(shí),則習(xí)慣上要用as。如:
He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時(shí)擺動(dòng)著手臂。
I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可給孩子講了,只好現(xiàn)編現(xiàn)講。
3、“主長(zhǎng)---從短”型:即主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。
When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他進(jìn)來時(shí),我在聽收音機(jī)。
二、根據(jù)主句與從句動(dòng)作是否同時(shí)發(fā)生來區(qū)分
1、若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類似漢語“一……就”的意思,英語一般要用as (也可用when)。如:
The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一進(jìn)來他立刻站了起來。
但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能將when換成as。如:
Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我們剛一到就下起雨來了。
2、若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類似漢語“正要……就”“正要……卻”的意思,英語一般要用as(也可用when),且此時(shí)通常連用副詞just。如:
I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要離開大樓的時(shí)候,我把他截住了。
Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在這兩個(gè)人要離開的時(shí)候,突然有了消息。
三、根據(jù)是否具有伴隨變化來區(qū)分
若要表示主句動(dòng)作伴隨從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)展變化,有類似漢語“隨著”的意思,英語習(xí)慣上要用as,而不用when或while。如:
The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 隨著爐火逐漸減弱,房間越來越冷。
As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝,我的記憶力似乎越來越差。
注:若不是引導(dǎo)從句,而是引出一個(gè)短語,則用with,不用as。如:
With winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes. 隨著冬天到來,該買暖和衣裳了。
The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 隨著太陽(yáng)下落,影子也逐漸伸長(zhǎng)。
With the development of science and technology , now there are more means of communication.
四、根據(jù)從句動(dòng)作的規(guī)律性來區(qū)分
若暗示一種規(guī)律性,表示“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,英語一般要用when。如:
It’s cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。
He smiles when you praise him. 你夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。
五、根據(jù)主從句動(dòng)作的先后順序來區(qū)分
若主句與從句所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,而是有先后順序時(shí),一般要用when。如:
When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match. 等他到了,他會(huì)好好給我們講講那場(chǎng)比賽的情況。
When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她講完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。
六、根據(jù)是否具有“趁機(jī)”意味來區(qū)分
1、若從句所表示的“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”具有“趁機(jī)”的意味,則通常用while。如:
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
I tried to slip the note to him while the teacher wasn't looking. 我想趁老師不注意時(shí)把條子偷偷遞給他。
有時(shí)也用when。如:
He stole the money when no one was by. 他趁旁邊無人時(shí)把錢偷走了。
The boy looks at her repeatedly when she's not looking. 那男孩趁她沒看他的時(shí)候不斷地盯著她看。
七、根據(jù)是否用作并列連詞來區(qū)分
when可用作并列連詞,表示“這時(shí)(突然)”;while也可以用作并列連詞,表示“而”“卻”(表示對(duì)比);但as則沒有類似用法。如:
I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door. 我正要睡覺,聽見有人敲門。
One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains. 一個(gè)人會(huì)喜歡在海濱度假,而另一個(gè)人會(huì)喜歡在山里度假。
八、根據(jù)所引出的省略句來區(qū)分
1、 as和when之后均可直接跟一個(gè)名詞,構(gòu)成省略句;但是while一般不這樣用。如:
As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小時(shí)候在日本。
As [When] still a student, he wrote a novel. 當(dāng)他還是個(gè)學(xué)生的時(shí)候,他就寫了一本小說。
2、when和while之后可接現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞等構(gòu)成省略句,但as一般不這樣用。如:
When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。
When [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻煩的時(shí)候你就去找她幫忙。
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 你趁年輕時(shí)必須努力學(xué)習(xí),不然到老了你會(huì)后悔的。