名師指導(dǎo)如何翻譯長(zhǎng)難句
名師指導(dǎo)如何翻譯長(zhǎng)難句
考研英語(yǔ)中的翻譯是眾多考生頭疼的事情,既考察單詞的基本概念及生僻含義,又考察長(zhǎng)難句的學(xué)習(xí)程度,此外還有翻譯的策略與方法。眾所周知,英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)方式上有相似之處,但更多的是差異。同一思想或概念,英語(yǔ)有英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式,漢語(yǔ)有漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式。
名師指導(dǎo)如何翻譯長(zhǎng)難句
無(wú)論是英譯漢還是漢譯英,都提出“忠實(shí)”、“通順”為其基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這是大家所公認(rèn)的。雖然英譯漢和漢譯英都以“忠實(shí)”、“通順”為其標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但并不等于它們之間沒(méi)有差異,更不等于它們沒(méi)有各自的特點(diǎn)。
比如,字面和實(shí)質(zhì)往往有很大的差距,“七嘴八舌”就不能譯成“七張嘴八條舌頭”,“寒暄”也不能譯成“寒冷的談話”,“干脆”也不宜譯成“又干 又脆”,“在朋友面前我只感到慚愧”(巴金《朋友》),也不宜說(shuō)成“羞愧”(ashamed),實(shí)指“不好意思”(illatease)。
下面,長(zhǎng)句的翻譯,首先要進(jìn)行斷句,漢語(yǔ)的斷句是個(gè)難點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)是形散意連,斷句不如英語(yǔ)那樣嚴(yán)格。如何劃分漢語(yǔ)的句界之間的關(guān)系,在很多情況下要取決于讀者的語(yǔ)感和對(duì)語(yǔ)句的理解,
如:每一個(gè)人,作為社會(huì)的一個(gè)成員,有權(quán)享受其人格和尊嚴(yán)的自由發(fā)展所必需的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化權(quán)利,這些權(quán)利是通過(guò)國(guó)家努力和國(guó)際合作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,并且與所在國(guó)家的組織、資源、現(xiàn)狀相一致。
對(duì)于這種比較復(fù)雜的中文句子,在正式翻譯成英文句子之前,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照它的含義,將它劃分成不同的部分,以便我們確定英文句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。首先將這個(gè)中文句子劃分成6個(gè)部分,請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意,第4部分嵌套在第3部分中間。
?、倜恳粋€(gè)人,②作為社會(huì)的一個(gè)成員,③有權(quán)享受 [④其人格和尊嚴(yán)的自由發(fā)展所必需的] 社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化權(quán)利,⑤這些權(quán)利是通過(guò)國(guó)家努力和國(guó)際合作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,⑥并且與所在國(guó)家的組織、資源、現(xiàn)狀相一致。
這樣劃分之后,可以初步?jīng)Q定,將第4、5、6部分翻譯成三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾第3部分的最后一個(gè)單詞rights:
?、貳veryone
?、赼s a member of society
?、踚s entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
④which are necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
?、輜hich are realized through national effort and international cooperation
?、辸hich are concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country。
不過(guò),在英語(yǔ)中,通常是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾一個(gè)名詞,很少有三個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾一個(gè)名詞,因此我臨時(shí)決定,將第4部分改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)短語(yǔ),將第5、6部分合并成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)句子,請(qǐng)看:
?、貳veryone
?、赼s a member of society
?、踚s entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
?、躰ecessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
⑤which are realized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country。
最后,將這5個(gè)部分組合起來(lái),就是這個(gè)中文句子的英文譯文。
Everyone, as a member of society, is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity, which are realized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country。
另提供一版本如下:
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality。