2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
掌握中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，絕對(duì)能考個(gè)好成績(jī)。小編在此獻(xiàn)上英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法使用技巧，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
i. 要點(diǎn)
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：the earth goes round the sun.
2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
what are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：
he is always doing good deeds.
3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:have you ever been to beijing?
4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
i'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
we're going to see a film next monday.
5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：it happened many years ago.
6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
what were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：
the train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
he said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
i. 要點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：
don't laugh at others.
i didn't care about it.
(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：you'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
all his money added up to no more than 0.
after a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：you should pay attention to your handwriting.
we should make full use of our time.
(5) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
the prisoners were set free.
he cut it open.
(6) 動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
this story took place three years ago.
i make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
ii. 例題
例1 it is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
a put away b kept up c given away d laid up
解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 here's my card. let's keep in ____.
a touch b relation c connection d friendship
解析：該題正確答案為a. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3 ____! there's a train coming.
a look out b look around c look forward d look on
解析：該題選a. look out 意為"小心"。
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