A類雅思地圖題寫作攻略(2)
引言段就是把題目進行改寫。原文中的diagram,可以替換成three maps/ illustrations. 原文中的shows,可以改為illustrate/ demonstrate/ indicate等詞。賓語development,可以替換成changes,也可以改為賓語從句how the village of Kelsby developed/ changed. 題目中給出的時間比較模糊,可以具體化為in 1780, 1860 and 2000.
【例文】The three maps illustrate how the village of Kelsby changed in 1780, 1860 and 2000.
第二段:介紹1780年的情況。
1780年的情況只涉及到靜態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù),因此只需要用存在句即可表達,不涉及任何變化的單詞。但是,考生非常容易把這些元素全部用there be這個句型來表達,從而導(dǎo)致句式單一。表示存在的句型除了there be之外,還有非常簡單的have句型,還有l(wèi)ie/ be located/ be situated 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。另外還有一種倒裝句型,比如“桌子上面有一本書”,可以翻譯為on the desk is a book.
除此之外,要注意幾個元素的順序問題。這里有四大元素:住宅區(qū)homes,樹林woods,農(nóng)場farms,還有一條河流river。理論上只要按照一定的空間順序(比如順時針、逆時針,從左到右)都是可以的,但是要考慮家庭數(shù)量的變化是導(dǎo)致其它所有變化的根本原因,因此建議先寫。
還有就是土地單位的表達,land是不可數(shù)名詞,因此不能說a land,只能說a piece of land。為了表達更加精確,可以用a plot of land(一小塊),a stretch of(一長片),a large expanse of (一大片)。
另外還有注意方位詞的表達。地圖題中常用的方位詞有:in the east/ west/ south/ north of ... ; in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of ...; 如果是在角落,可以用in the southwestern corner of ... ; 在河流的上/下游:at the lower/ upper reaches of the river; 在河岸:alongside the riverbank, 在河流的南端:at the southern end of the river.
【例文】In 1780, Kelsby had only 100 homes. There was a large expanse of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the centre. In the west was a river flowing from north to south.
第三段:介紹1860年的變化。
這一年的變化并沒有時間先后,因此還是按照空間順序來進行。圖上多了一個元素,即道路和橋梁的修建。需要特別注意的是,因為考慮到和上文的呼應(yīng),這兩個元素一定要放在后面講,而家庭數(shù)量的增加和農(nóng)場、樹林面積的減少應(yīng)當(dāng)先講。這個原則我們簡稱叫“先拆后建”原則、
第二點是時間的表達問題。上文中剛剛出現(xiàn)過in 1780,這里還是用in 1860的話,句式上就會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)。因此可以按照動態(tài)圖里面學(xué)過的表達方法,把年份用作主語,用saw/ witnessed這兩個詞把數(shù)據(jù)引出來。
第三點是“建”這個詞的英文表達。常見的詞有build, construct(一般建筑物),erect(高大的建筑物),establish/ set up(無建筑的物體或抽象的機構(gòu)),pave(道路的修建)。另外,如果涉及到拆除,則需要記住demolish, pull down, knock down 這些單詞。需要重點指出的是,這些表示“建”和“拆”的詞都應(yīng)當(dāng)使用被動語態(tài),這一點和普通流程圖是一致的。
【例文】The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was halved. In the same year, a bridge was constructed over the river and a road was paved linking the river to the residences.
第四段:介紹2000年的變化。
首先還是時間的表達,這里可以再換一種結(jié)構(gòu),比如140 years later/ After 140 years。首先還是“先拆后建”,先說樹林農(nóng)場徹底消失,然后在交代新的元素:學(xué)校和操場。要記住的是,道路是不需要交代方位的,只需要把起點和終點表達出來即可,用link A to B或者connect A with B這類詞組連接。因此,道路的描寫應(yīng)放到學(xué)校、操場的后面。
【例文】140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared. In their places, several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential areas in the north via a newly-build road. Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.