經(jīng)典的高中英語(yǔ)必背文章
經(jīng)典的高中英語(yǔ)必背文章
背誦寫作法可以積累詞匯、培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感,從而為英語(yǔ)寫作打下扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。下面小編整理了高中英語(yǔ)必背文章，希望大家喜歡!
高中英語(yǔ)必背文章品析
Thirteen Names of Virtues
十三項(xiàng)美德
I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew, or thought I knew, what was right or wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But I soon found I had undertaken a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. While my case was employed in guarding against one fault, I was often surprised by another; habit took the advantage of inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for reason. I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous, was not sufficient to prevent our slipping; and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct. For this purpose I therefore contrived the following method.
我曾想出一個(gè)達(dá)到完美品德的大膽而又費(fèi)力的計(jì)劃。我希望這一輩子都不犯任何錯(cuò)誤，我要克服所有的缺點(diǎn)，不管它們是由天生的愛(ài)好而引起的，還是由于習(xí)慣或交友不慎引起的。因?yàn)槲抑?，或者自以為知道，什么是?duì)的、什么是錯(cuò)的，所以我覺(jué)得自己能夠只做好事而不做壞事。但不久我發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己想做的工作比原先料想的要困難得多。正當(dāng)我的注意力放在克服某一缺點(diǎn)時(shí)，另一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)卻出乎意料地冒了出來(lái)。習(xí)慣利用一時(shí)的疏忽，而理智有時(shí)又絕非癖好的敵手。后來(lái)，我終于得出結(jié)論，僅僅抽象地相信完美的品德對(duì)我們是有利的，但還不足以防止我們的過(guò)失，壞習(xí)慣必須打破，好習(xí)慣必須培養(yǎng)和建立起來(lái)，然后我們才能希望我們的舉止能夠堅(jiān)定不移、始終如一地正確。為了這個(gè)目標(biāo)，我想出了下面這個(gè)方法。
In the various enumerations of the moral virtues I had met with in my reading, I found the catalogue more or less numerous, as different writers included more or fewer ideas under the same name. Temperance, for example, was by some confined to eating and drinking, while by others it was extended to mean the moderating of every other pleasure, appetite, inclination, or passion, bodily or mental, even to our avarice and ambition. I proposed to myself, for the sake of clearness, to use rather more names, with fewer ideas annexed to each, than a few names with more ideas; and I included under thirteen names of virtues all that at that time occurred to me as necessary or desirable, and annexed to each a short percept, which fully expressed the extend I gave to its meaning.
我在閱讀的過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)在列舉各種道德品質(zhì)時(shí)，各種分類都或多或少地存在分歧，因?yàn)閷?duì)于同一個(gè)詞的涵義，不同的作者可以做或多或少的闡釋。例如“節(jié)制”這個(gè)詞，有人把它的意義限于飲食，而另外一些人卻把它的意義擴(kuò)展到調(diào)節(jié)其他快樂(lè)、欲望、癖好和肉體的或精神的情欲，甚至將其推廣到貪婪和野心上面。我總結(jié)出了13種美德，這是我當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為必需的或適合的所有美德條目，并在每一項(xiàng)底下加了一條簡(jiǎn)單的箴言，它充分說(shuō)明了我認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞的涵義所應(yīng)有的范圍。
These names of virtues, with their precepts, were:
這些道德的名目及其涵義如下：
1.Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
1.節(jié)制。食不過(guò)飽，飲酒不醉。
2.Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
2.沉默。說(shuō)話必須對(duì)自己或他人有益;避免無(wú)益的聊天。
3.Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
3.生活秩序。將每一樣?xùn)|西放在它們應(yīng)該放的地方;安排好做每件日常事務(wù)的時(shí)間。
4.Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
4.決心。做該做的事;決心做的事應(yīng)堅(jiān)持不懈。
5.Frugality. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i. e. waste nothing.
5.儉樸?；ㄥX必須于人于己有益;換言之，切忌浪費(fèi)。
6.Industry. Lose no time; be always employed in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
6.勤勉。不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，只做有用的事，戒掉一切不必要的行動(dòng)。
7.Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
7.誠(chéng)懇。不欺騙人;思想純潔公正;說(shuō)話也要如此。
8.Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.
8.公正。不做害人的事情，不要忘記履行對(duì)人有益而且又是你應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。
9.Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.
9.中庸適度。避免極端;要容忍你認(rèn)為別人應(yīng)得的處罰。
10.Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation.
10.清潔。身體、衣服和住所力求清潔。
11.Tranquility.Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.
11.鎮(zhèn)靜。不要因?yàn)樾∈禄蚱胀ǖ摹⒉豢杀苊獾氖鹿识@慌失措。
12.Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.
12.貞節(jié)。除非為了健康或生育后代，不常進(jìn)行房事，切忌房事過(guò)度，傷害身體或損害你自己或他人的安寧或名譽(yù)。
13.Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.
13.謙遜。仿效耶穌和蘇格拉底。
My intention being to acquire the habitude of all these virtues, I judged it would be well not to distract my on of some might facilitate the acquisition of certain others, I arranged them with that view, as they stand above.
我的目標(biāo)是養(yǎng)成一切美德的習(xí)慣，因此我認(rèn)為，為了不至于分散注意力，最好還是不要立即全面嘗試，而是在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)集中精力于其中之一。當(dāng)我掌握了那項(xiàng)美德之后，接著再開始注意另外一項(xiàng)，如此這樣，直到我做滿13條為止。
The Four Freedoms
論四大自由
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
在未來(lái)的日子里，我們將試圖尋求安寧穩(wěn)定，我們將期待在人類四項(xiàng)必不可少的自由的基礎(chǔ)之上建立一個(gè)新世界。
The first is freedom of speech and expression — everywhere in the world.
第一項(xiàng)自由，是在世界上的每一個(gè)地方，人人都享有言論自由。
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way — everywhere in the world.
第二項(xiàng)自由，是在世界上的每一個(gè)地方，每個(gè)人都有以自己的方式信奉上帝的自由。
The third is freedom from want — which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peace time life for its inhabitants — everywhere in the world.
第三項(xiàng)自由，是在世界上的任何地方脫離貧困的自由。從全球意義上說(shuō)，就是達(dá)成經(jīng)濟(jì)上的相互理解，以確保任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的居民都可以過(guò)上健康與祥和的生活。
The fourth is freedom from fear — which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor — anywhere in the world.
第四項(xiàng)自由，是在世界上的任何地方遠(yuǎn)離恐懼的自由。從全球意義上說(shuō)，就是進(jìn)行世界范圍內(nèi)的徹底裁軍，從而使得任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都不會(huì)向其鄰國(guó)采取武力侵略行動(dòng)。
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
這并非對(duì)于遙遠(yuǎn)的太平盛世的幻想。在我們這個(gè)時(shí)代，我們這一代人有能力在這個(gè)確定的基礎(chǔ)之上建立一個(gè)新世界。這樣的世界，與那些獨(dú)裁者企圖用炸彈創(chuàng)造所謂的“新秩序”暴政截然對(duì)立。
To that new order we oppose the greater conception —the moral order. A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.
我們用一種更加偉大的觀念來(lái)對(duì)抗那種“新秩序”這就是道德觀念。一個(gè)良好的社會(huì)，能夠毫不畏懼地面對(duì)主宰世界和在別國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)叛亂的種種陰謀企圖。
Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change — in a perpetual peaceful revolution —a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions — without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries,working together in a friendly civilized society.
自從美國(guó)有史以來(lái)，我們就一直致力于變革，致力于長(zhǎng)期不斷的和平革命，這場(chǎng)革命持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地進(jìn)行著，并冷靜地調(diào)整自身以適應(yīng)不斷變化的形勢(shì)。我們的革命沒(méi)有集中營(yíng)，也沒(méi)有萬(wàn)人坑。我們所尋求的世界秩序，是自由國(guó)家彼此合作，是在友好文明的社會(huì)中攜手工作。
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them. Our strength is in our unity of purpose.
我們這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)將其命運(yùn)放在千百萬(wàn)自由的男男女女手中、頭腦中和心中，并將其自由的信念置于上帝的指引之下。自由意味著無(wú)論在何處，人權(quán)都是至高無(wú)上的。我們堅(jiān)決支持那些為爭(zhēng)取或者捍衛(wèi)人權(quán)而奮斗的人們。共同的目標(biāo)使我們堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力。
To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一崇高的設(shè)想，我們永不停步。
關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)必背文章
Night
夜
Night has fallen over the country. Through the trees rises the red moon, and the stars are scarcely seen. In the vast shadow of night the coolness and the dews descend. I sit at the open window to enjoy them; and hear only the voice of the summer wind. Like black hulks, the shadows of the great trees ride at anchor on the billowy sea of grass. I cannot see the red and blue flowers, but I know that they are there. Far away in the meadow gleams the silver Charles. The tramp of horses' hoofs sounds from the wooden bridge. Then all is still save the continuous wind of the summer night. Sometimes I know not if it be the wind or the sound of the neighboring sea. The village clock strikes; and I feel that I am not alone.
夜幕已經(jīng)籠罩著鄉(xiāng)間。一輪紅月正從樹林后面徐徐升起，天上幾乎見(jiàn)不到星星。在這蒼茫的夜色中，寒氣與露水降下來(lái)了。我坐在敞開的窗前欣賞著這夜色，耳邊只聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那夏天的風(fēng)聲。大樹的陰影像黑色的大船停泊在波浪起伏的茫茫草海上。雖然我見(jiàn)不到紅色和藍(lán)色的花朵，但是我知道它們?cè)谀膬?。遠(yuǎn)處的草地上，銀色的查爾斯河閃閃發(fā)光。木橋那邊傳來(lái)了踢嗒踢嗒的馬啼聲。接著，萬(wàn)物俱寂，只留下夏夜不斷的風(fēng)聲。有時(shí)，我絲毫辨別不出它究竟是風(fēng)聲，還是鄰近的海濤聲。村子里的時(shí)鐘敲起來(lái)了，于是我覺(jué)得并不孤單。
How different it is in the city! It is late, and the crowd is gone. You step out upon the balcony, and lie in the very bosom of the cool, dewy night as if you folded her garments about you. Beneath lies the public walk with trees, like a fathomless, black gulf, into whose silent darkness the spirit plunges, and floats away with some beloved spirit clasped in its embrace. The lamps are still burning up and down the long street. People go by with grotesque shadows, now foreshortened, and now lengthening away into the darkness and vanishing, while a new one springs up behind the walker, and seems to pass him revolving like the sail of a windmill. The iron gates of the park shut with a jangling clang. There are footsteps and loud voices; — a tumult; — a drunken brawl; — an alarm of fire; — then silence a- gain. And now at length the city is asleep, and we can see the night. The belated moon looks over the rooftops and finds no one to welcome her. The moonlight is broken. It lies here and there in the squares, and the opening of the streets — angular like blocks of white marble.
城市的夜晚是那樣的不同呵!夜深了，人群已經(jīng)散去。你走到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，躺在涼爽和露水彌漫的夜幕中，仿佛你用它作為外衣裹住了你的身子。陽(yáng)臺(tái)下面是栽著樹木的人行道，像一條深不可測(cè)的黑色的海灣，飄忽的精靈就投入了這漆黑沉靜的海灣，擁抱著某個(gè)所愛(ài)的精靈隨波蕩漾而去。長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的街道上，街燈依然到處亮著。人們從燈下走過(guò)，拖曳著各種各樣奇形怪狀的影子，影子時(shí)而縮短，時(shí)而伸長(zhǎng)，最后消失在黑暗之中;同時(shí)，一個(gè)新的影子又突然出現(xiàn)在那個(gè)行路人的身后，這影子好似風(fēng)車上的翼板一樣，轉(zhuǎn)到他身體的前方去了。公園的鐵門當(dāng)啷一聲關(guān)上，耳邊可以聽(tīng)到腳步聲和響亮的說(shuō)話聲;一陣喧鬧;一陣酒醉后的吵嚷聲;一陣火災(zāi)的報(bào)警聲;接著，寂靜如初。于是，城市終于沉睡，我們終于能夠看到夜的景色。姍姍來(lái)遲的月亮從屋頂后面探出臉來(lái)，發(fā)覺(jué)沒(méi)有人在歡迎她。破碎的月光東一塊，西一塊，撒落在各個(gè)廣場(chǎng)上和各條大街的開闊處一像一塊塊白色的大理石_樣棱角分明。