英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌基本知識(shí)

　　To Helen——Edgar Allan Poe

　　Helen， thy beauty is to me

　　Like those Nicean barks of yore，

　　That gently， o'er a perfumed sea，

　　The weary， way-worn wanderer bore

　　To his own native shore.

　　On desperate seas long wont to roam，

　　Thy hyacinth hair， thy classic face，

　　Thy Naiad airs have brought me home

　　To the glory that was Greece.

　　And the grandeur that was Rome.

　　Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche

　　How statue-like I see thee stand!

　　The agate lamp within thy hand，

　　Ah! Psyche from the regions which

　　Are Holy Land!

　　海倫，我視你的美貌

　　如昔日尼西的小船

　　于芬芳的海上輕輕漂泛

　　疲憊勞累的遊子

　　轉(zhuǎn)舵駛向故鄉(xiāng)的岸

　　久經(jīng)海上風(fēng)浪，慣于浪跡天涯

　　海倫，你的艷麗面容，你那紫藍(lán)的秀髮

　　你那仙女般的豐采令我深信

　　光榮屬於希臘

　　偉大屬於羅馬

　　看呀,在遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)明亮的壁窗裏

　　你站立著,如同一尊雕塑

　　手上提著一盞光亮的明燈

　　塞姬女神啊,那些神聖的土地

　　才是你的宿地

　　The Raven

　　Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry.

　　Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore.

　　While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

　　As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

　　"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door--

　　Only this, and nothing more."

　　Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,

　　And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.

　　Eagerly I wished the morrow; -vainly I had tried to borrow

　　From my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost Lenore-

　　For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-

　　Nameless here for evermore

　　And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain

　　Thrilled me-filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;

　　So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating

　　" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-

　　Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-

　　This it is and nothing more.

　　Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,

　　"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;

　　But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,

　　And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,

　　That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door;

　　Darkness there, and nothing more.

　　Deep into that: darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing

　　Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;

　　But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,

　　And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!"

　　This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore! "

　　Merely this, and nothing more.

　　Then into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,

　　Soon I heard again a tapping somewhat louder than before.

　　"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;

　　Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-

　　Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;

　　'Tis the wind, and nothing more!

　　Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.

　　In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;

　　Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he;

　　But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-

　　Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door-

　　Perched, and sat, and nothing more.

　　Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,

　　By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,

　　"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,

　　Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore-

　　Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night ' s Plutonian shore! "

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,

　　Though its answer little meaning-little relevancy hore;

　　For we cannot help agreeing that no sublunary being

　　Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-

　　Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above I us chamber door,

　　With such mime as "Nevermore.

　　But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only

　　That one word, as if his soul in that ill~ word he did outpour.

　　Nothing farther then he uttered-not a feather then he fluttered-

　　Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before-

　　On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. "

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　Wondering at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,

　　"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store,"

　　Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster

　　Followed fast and followed fastel-so, when Hope he would adjure,

　　Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure-

　　That sad answer, "Nevermore!"

　　But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,

　　Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust, and door;

　　Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking

　　Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-

　　What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore

　　Meant in croaking "Nevermore. "

　　This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing

　　To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;

　　This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining

　　On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,

　　But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,

　　She shall press, ah, nevermore!

　　Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer

　　Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.

　　"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent thee

　　Respite-respite and Nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!

　　Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil! -

　　Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,

　　Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-

　　On this home by Horror haunted-tell me truly, I implore-

　　Is there-is there balm in Gilead?-tell me-tell me, I implore!"

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil!

　　By that Heaven that bends above us-by that God we both adore-

　　Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn ,

　　It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-

　　Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting-

　　"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore!

　　Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!

　　Leave my loneliness unbroken! -quit the bust above my door!

　　Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door! "

　　Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "

　　And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting

　　On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;

　　And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,

　　And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor;

　　And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floor

　　Shall be lifted-nevermore!

　　烏鴉(愛(ài)倫·坡 著)

　　曹明倫 譯(安徽文藝出版社1999年版本)

　　從前一個(gè)陰郁的子夜，我獨(dú)自沉思，慵懶疲竭，

　　面對(duì)許多古怪而離奇、并早已被人遺忘的書卷;

　　當(dāng)我開始打盹，幾乎入睡，突然傳來(lái)一陣輕擂，

　　仿佛有人在輕輕叩擊——輕輕叩擊我房間的門環(huán)。

　　“有客來(lái)也”，我輕聲嘟喃，“正在叩擊我的門環(huán)，

　　惟此而已，別無(wú)他般。”

　　哦，我清楚地記得那是在風(fēng)凄雨冷的十二月，

　　每一團(tuán)奄奄一息的余燼都形成陰影伏在地板。

　　我當(dāng)時(shí)真盼望翌日——因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)枉費(fèi)心機(jī)

　　想用書來(lái)消除傷悲，消除因失去麗諾爾的傷感，

　　因那位被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她美麗嬌艷，

　　在此已抹去芳名，直至永遠(yuǎn)。

　　那柔軟、暗淡、颯颯飄動(dòng)的每一塊紫色窗布

　　使我心中充滿前所未有的恐懼，我毛骨悚然;

　　為平息我心兒的悸跳.我站起身反復(fù)念叨

　　“這是有客人想進(jìn)屋，正在叩我房間的門環(huán)，

　　更深夜半有客人想進(jìn)屋，正在叩我房間的門環(huán)，

　　惟此而已，別無(wú)他般。”

　　于是我的心變得堅(jiān)強(qiáng);不再猶疑，不再彷徨，

　　“先生”，我說(shuō)，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵;

　　剛才我正睡意昏昏，而你敲門又敲得那么輕，

　　你敲門又敲得那么輕，輕輕叩我房間的門環(huán)，

　　我差點(diǎn)以為沒(méi)聽見你”，說(shuō)著我打開門扇——

　　但惟有黑夜，別無(wú)他般。

　　凝視著夜色幽幽，我站在門邊驚懼良久，

　　疑惑中似乎夢(mèng)見從前沒(méi)人敢夢(mèng)見的夢(mèng)幻;

　　可那未被打破的寂靜，沒(méi)顯示任何象征，

　　“麗諾爾?”便是我囁嚅念叨的惟一字眼，

　　我念叨“麗諾爾”，回聲把這名字輕輕送還;

　　惟此而已，別無(wú)他般。

　　我轉(zhuǎn)身回到房中，我的整個(gè)心燒灼般疼痛，

　　很快我又聽到叩擊聲，比剛才聽起來(lái)明顯。

　　“肯定”，我說(shuō)，“肯定有什么在我的窗欞;

　　讓我瞧瞧是什么在那兒，去把那秘密發(fā)現(xiàn)，

　　讓我的心先鎮(zhèn)靜一會(huì)兒，去把那秘密發(fā)現(xiàn);

　　那不過(guò)是風(fēng)，別無(wú)他般!”

　　然后我推開了窗戶，隨著翅膀的一陣猛撲，

　　一只神圣往昔的烏鴉莊重地走進(jìn)我房間;

　　它既沒(méi)向我致意問(wèn)候，也沒(méi)有片刻的停留，

　　而是以紳士淑女的風(fēng)度棲到我房門的上面，

　　棲在我房門上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面;

　　棲息在那兒，僅如此這般。

　　于是這只黑鳥把我悲傷的幻覺(jué)哄騙成微笑，

　　以它那老成持重一本正經(jīng)溫文爾雅的容顏，

　　“冠毛雖被剪除”，我說(shuō)，“但你顯然不是懦夫，

　　你這幽靈般可怕的古鴉，漂泊來(lái)自夜的彼岸，

　　請(qǐng)告訴我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府陰間!”

　　烏鴉答曰“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　聽見如此直率的回答，我對(duì)這丑鳥感到驚訝，

　　盡管它的回答不著邊際——與提問(wèn)幾乎無(wú)關(guān);

　　因?yàn)槲覀儾坏貌怀姓J(rèn)，從來(lái)沒(méi)有活著的世人

　　曾如此有幸地看見一只鳥棲在他房門的上面，

　　看見鳥或獸棲在他房門上方的半身雕像上面，

　　而且名叫“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　但那只棲于肅穆的半身雕像上的烏鴉只說(shuō)了

　　這一句話，仿佛它傾瀉靈魂就用那一個(gè)字眼。

　　然后它便一聲不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍動(dòng)，

　　直到我?guī)缀踉卩哉Z(yǔ)“其他朋友早已離散，

　　明晨它也將離我而去，如同我的希望已消散。”

　　這時(shí)烏鴉說(shuō)“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　驚異于屋里的寂靜被如此恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卦挻蚱疲?/p>

　　“肯定”，我說(shuō)，“此話是它惟一會(huì)說(shuō)的人言，

　　從它不幸的主人口中學(xué)來(lái)。一連串橫禍飛災(zāi)

　　曾接踵而至，直到它主人的歌中有了這字眼，

　　直到他希望的挽歌中有了這個(gè)憂郁的字眼——

　　永不復(fù)焉，永不復(fù)焉。”

　　但那只烏鴉仍然在騙我悲傷的靈魂露出微笑，

　　我即刻拖了張軟椅到門邊雕像下那烏鴉跟前;

　　然后坐在天鵝絨椅墊上，我開始產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想，

　　浮想連著浮想，猜度這不祥的古鳥何出此言，

　　這只猙獰丑陋可怕不吉不祥的古鳥何出此言，

　　為何對(duì)我說(shuō)“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　我坐著猜想那意思，但沒(méi)對(duì)烏鴉說(shuō)片語(yǔ)只言，

　　此時(shí)，它炯炯發(fā)光的眼睛已燃燒進(jìn)我的心坎;

　　我依然坐在那兒猜度，把我的頭靠得很舒服，

　　舒舒服服地靠著在燈光凝視下的天鵝絨椅墊，

　　但在這燈光凝視著的紫色的天鵝絨椅墊上面，

　　她還會(huì)靠么?啊，永不復(fù)焉!

　　接著我覺(jué)得空氣變得稠密，被無(wú)形香爐熏香，

　　提香爐的撒拉弗的腳步聲響在有簇飾的地板。

　　“可憐的人”，我嘆道，“是上帝派天使為你送藥，

　　這忘憂藥能終止你對(duì)失去的麗諾爾的思念;

　　喝吧，喝吧，忘掉你對(duì)失去的麗諾爾的思念!”

　　這時(shí)烏鴉說(shuō)“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　“先知!”我說(shuō)“不管是先知是魔鬼，是鳥是魔，

　　是不是撒旦派你，或是暴風(fēng)雨拋你，來(lái)到此岸，

　　來(lái)到這片妖惑鬼祟但卻不懼怕魔鬼的荒原——

　　來(lái)到這恐怖的小屋——告訴我真話，求你可憐!

　　基列有香膏嗎?① 告訴我，告訴我，求你可憐!”

　　烏鴉說(shuō)“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　“先知!”我說(shuō)“不管是先知是魔鬼，是鳥是魔，

　　憑著我們都崇拜的上帝——憑著我們頭頂?shù)纳n天，

　　請(qǐng)告訴這充滿悲傷的靈魂。它能否在遙遠(yuǎn)的仙境

　　擁抱一位被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她纖塵不染，

　　擁抱一位被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她美麗嬌艷。”

　　烏鴉說(shuō)“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　“讓這話做我們的告別辭，鳥或魔!”我起身吼道，

　　“回你的暴風(fēng)雨中去吧，回你黑沉沉的夜之彼岸!

　　別留下你黑色的羽毛作為你靈魂謊過(guò)言的象征!

　　留給我完整的孤獨(dú)!快從我門上的雕像上滾蛋!

　　讓你的嘴離開我的心;讓你的身子離開我房間!”

　　烏鴉答曰“永不復(fù)焉”。

　　那只鳥鴉并沒(méi)飛走，它仍然棲息，仍然棲息，

　　棲息在房門上方蒼白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面;

　　它的眼光與正在做夢(mèng)的魔鬼的眼光一模一樣，

　　照在它身上的燈光把它的陰影投射在地板;

　　而我的靈魂，會(huì)從那團(tuán)在地板上漂浮的陰影中

　　She Walks In Beauty—— George Gordon Byron

　　She walks in beauty,

　　like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies;

　　And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes;

　　Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

　　One shade more, one ray less,

　　Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress,

　　Or softly lightens o’er her face;

　　Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

　　And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm,

　　yet eloquent The smiles that win, the tints that glow.

　　But tell of days in goodness spent,

　　A mind at peace with all below,

　　A heart whose love is innocent!

　　她在美中徜徉， 她在美中穿行;

　　象深邃的蒼穹綴滿繁星，

　　象皎潔的夜空萬(wàn)里無(wú)云。

　　明和暗多么協(xié)調(diào)，

　　深與淺恰如其分;

　　白晝的光線過(guò)于炫耀，

　　柔和的夜色最為溫馨。

　　美匯入她的舉止，

　　美溶進(jìn)她的眼神; 美在烏黑的發(fā)際游弋，

　　美在燦爛的臉上逡巡。

　　不多一絲輝光，

　　不少半點(diǎn)柔陰;

　　包容的思緒彌足珍貴，

　　潛藏的心靈更加香醇;

　　在面頰，在眉宇， 無(wú)言勝似有聲;

　　那里可以體察心緒的平靜， 那里可以領(lǐng)會(huì)情感的溫存。

　　那折服人心的微笑，

　　那淡淡泛起的紅暈，

　　訴說(shuō)著度過(guò)的優(yōu)雅時(shí)光， 透露出沉積的善良品性。

　　人間萬(wàn)事平心以待， 恰似美的天神;

　　一顆心裝著至愛(ài)， 一顆心永遠(yuǎn)真純。

　　To a Waterfowl——William Cullen Bryant

　　Whither, midst falling dew,

　　While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,

　　Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue

　　Thy solitary way?

　　Vainly the fowler's eye

　　Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,

　　As, darkly seen against the crimson sky,

　　Thy figure floats along.

　　Seek'st thou the plashy brink

　　Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,

　　Or where the rocking billows rise and sink

　　On the chafed ocean-side?

　　There is a Power whose care

　　Teaches thy way along that pathless coast

　　The desert and illimitable air

　　Lone wandering, but not lost.

　　All day thy wings have fanned,

　　At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,

　　Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,

　　Though the dark night is near.

　　And soon that toil shall end;

　　Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,

　　And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend,

　　Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.

　　Thou 'rt gone, the abyss of heaven

　　Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart

　　Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,

　　And shall not soon depart.

　　He who, from zone to zone,

　　Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,

　　In the long way that I must tread alone,

　　Will lead my steps aright.

　　威廉•庫(kù)倫•布萊恩特《致水鳥》

　　你要去往何方?露珠正在墜落，

　　天穹閃耀著白晝最后的腳步，

　　遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，穿過(guò)玫瑰色的深處，

　　你求索著孤獨(dú)的道路。

　　也許，獵鳥者的眼睛

　　徒勞地看著你遠(yuǎn)飛，想要傷害你，

　　當(dāng)紅色的天空襯著你的身影，

　　你飄搖而去。

　　你想要飛往何處?

　　要尋覓雜草叢生、潮濕的湖岸?

　　大河的邊沿，還是磨損的海灘?

　　那里有動(dòng)蕩的巨浪起起落落

　　有一種力量關(guān)照著你，

　　教導(dǎo)你在無(wú)路的海濱，

　　荒漠和浩淼的長(zhǎng)空，

　　獨(dú)自漫游，不會(huì)迷失。

　　你整天拍打著翅膀，

　　扇著遠(yuǎn)天那寒冷的稀薄大氣，

　　盡管黑夜已靠近，你已疲憊

　　也不肯屈尊降落安全的大地。

　　不久那折磨就會(huì)結(jié)束;

　　不久你就會(huì)找到夏天的家，歇下，

　　在同伴間歡叫;不久

　　蘆葦將彎下，在你隱蔽的巢上。

　　你消失了，天空的深淵

　　吞噬了你的身影;但在我心上

　　已深深留下你教給我的一課，

　　它不會(huì)很快遺忘。

　　誰(shuí)引導(dǎo)你穿過(guò)無(wú)垠的天空，

　　從一個(gè)領(lǐng)域到另一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，

　　也會(huì)在我必須獨(dú)自跋涉的長(zhǎng)途上，

　　正確地引導(dǎo)我的腳步。