16種時態(tài)的用法口訣_英語的16種時態(tài)用法(4)
16種時態(tài)的用法口訣_英語的16種時態(tài)用法
11. 將來完成時(will have done)
用法：表示從將來的某一時間開始、延續(xù)到另一個將來時間的動作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個將來時間，但對其后的另一個將來時間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時平移到時間軸的將來時時段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。
例： The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本題考核謂語動詞的時態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個星期。”句中by the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時刻，因此要用將來完成時。答案是B) will have lasted。如果選A)，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以C) would last錯誤。因?yàn)镈) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時刻的動作，所以也不正確。
注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時態(tài)是由將來時和完成時融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可以參考“一般將來時”和“現(xiàn)在完成時”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
12)將來完成進(jìn)行時：shall have been doing ，will have been doing
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動語態(tài))
13)過去完成進(jìn)行時：had been doing
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動語態(tài))
14) 過去將來進(jìn)行時：should be doing , would be doing
例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
15) 過去將來完成時：should have done , would have done
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態(tài))
16) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時：should have been doing , would have been doing
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說到第二個月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)
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