托福閱讀考試流程介紹
為了幫助廣大的托?？忌鷤冞M(jìn)行更好的復(fù)習(xí)，小編特整理了托福閱讀考試流程+介紹此內(nèi)容，最后希望同學(xué)們都能戰(zhàn)勝托福中的重重難關(guān)，沖向終點(diǎn)，更多精彩內(nèi)容盡在學(xué)習(xí)啦，預(yù)祝考生取得理想成績(jī)!
托福閱讀考試流程介紹
托?？荚?TOEFL)作為國(guó)際上最有影響的幾大英語(yǔ)水平考試之一，在國(guó)內(nèi)擁有極高的知名度和龐大的考生群體。近年來(lái)由于面對(duì)雅思(IELTS)等考試的有力挑戰(zhàn)，托?？荚囍鬓k方ETS為阻頹勢(shì)，在經(jīng)典形式的PBT(Paper-based test)、CBT(Computer-based test)之后，又推出了新形式的iBT(Internet-based test)，即所謂新托福。
1、 基本形式
既然被稱為iBT，新托福閱讀便不同于PBT，不再是完成紙質(zhì)試卷上的一系列問(wèn)題;也不同于CBT，而是經(jīng)由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)直接從ETS位于美國(guó)的服務(wù)器傳輸題目至電腦終端。TOEFL iBT的閱讀部分在新托福四個(gè)module(讀、聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě))中最先進(jìn)行，也是唯一不需要借助聽(tīng)力完成的一個(gè)部分。
一旦開(kāi)始答題，每一篇閱讀文章必須先通讀或滾動(dòng)至屏幕末尾，才可以看到問(wèn)題。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在每一道題目的回答界面，屏幕右手邊是該題所對(duì)應(yīng)的文章部分內(nèi)容，題目則出現(xiàn)在屏幕的左側(cè)。通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊屏幕右上方區(qū)域的不同功能鍵，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同題目間的前進(jìn)、后退、檢查答題情況、查看文本、幫助等功能。同時(shí)，屏幕右上方還可以點(diǎn)擊選擇顯示/隱藏的考試所剩余的時(shí)間。在每個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)部分剩余時(shí)間為0時(shí)，考試自動(dòng)進(jìn)入下一部分，而不再允許回看。
2、 考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)
新托福閱讀由3或5篇長(zhǎng)度為每篇700單詞左右的文章構(gòu)成，包括閱讀文章及解答題目的時(shí)間在內(nèi)，每次考試閱讀部分一共有60(如果考3篇文章)分鐘或100分鐘(如果考5篇文章)。考試過(guò)程中，第1篇文章單獨(dú)倒計(jì)時(shí)，長(zhǎng)度為20分鐘;第2、4篇文章以及可能有的第4、5篇文章每2篇合并倒計(jì)時(shí)，長(zhǎng)度各為40分鐘。因此整個(gè)新托福的閱讀考試可以被看成由兩(考3篇文章時(shí))到三(考5篇文章時(shí))個(gè)分別計(jì)時(shí)的部分構(gòu)成，每個(gè)部分之間相互獨(dú)立，先后進(jìn)行。所以考試研究中心提醒考生必須注意，這60或100分鐘考試時(shí)間不是可以自由分配到不同文章和題目中的。
3、 文章類(lèi)型
新托福閱讀的3或5篇700單詞左右的文章全都節(jié)選自高校本科水平的教材，通常為針對(duì)某一學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的介紹。一般不做任何修改，從而能夠更好地被用于評(píng)估考生在學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)氛圍下的閱讀能力，因而所涉及的詞匯量相對(duì)較大，但對(duì)于一些專(zhuān)業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的詞匯仍會(huì)給出注釋。主題廣泛，但并不要求考生對(duì)其非常熟悉，這是由于所有被考察的信息都包括在文章之中。
文體一般可分為說(shuō)明(exposition)、議論(argumentation)和史實(shí)(historical)三類(lèi)，而架構(gòu)則常常會(huì)表現(xiàn)為分類(lèi)(classification)、比較(comparison/contrast)、因果(cause/effect)、解疑(problem/solution)四種之一。由于每篇新托?？荚囬喿x文章所對(duì)應(yīng)的題型都至少會(huì)包含一道涉及對(duì)文章總體架構(gòu)把握的多分值問(wèn)題，上述文體方面的信息需要引起考生備考期間的充分注意。
托福閱讀題目練習(xí)：棉花
托福閱讀文本：
By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was
easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant
centralization and expansion in the textile industry during this period, and at the same time the
demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand
largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown
throughout the South, but separating the fiber — or lint — from the seed was a laborious process.
Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds
were concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only
along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season,
but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could
hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with
revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a worker
could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by
horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the
cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing
all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a
36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of
American exports was represented by cotton.
In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports
in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for
cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural
settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States — west of the Appalachian Mountains
and east of the Mississippi River.
托福閱讀題目：
1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
(A) the European textile industry increased its demand forAmerican export products
(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
(C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
(D) cotton became the most importantAmerican export product
2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) preferred
(B) recommended
(C) imported
(D) included
3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
(A) cotton's softness
(B) cotton's ease of processing
(C) a shortage of flax and wool
(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) unfamiliar
(B) primitive
(C) skilled
(D) difficult
5.According to the passage , one advantage of Sea island cotton was its
(A) abundance of seeds
(B) long fibers
(C) long growing season
(D) adaptability to different climates
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
(A) More cotton came from Sea island cotton plants than before.
(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
(D) Most cotton produced was exported to England.
7. The word "surge" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) sharp increase
(B) sudden stop
(C) important change
(D) excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 23 in order to
(A) show thatAmericans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) slow
(B) profitable
(C) not seen before
(D) never explained
10.According to the passage , the Mississippi River was
(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops
(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
托福閱讀答案：
DACDB BACCA
托福閱讀高頻詞匯總結(jié)整理
impertinent adj.無(wú)關(guān)，魯莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，滿不在乎的
immobile adj.靜止的n.穩(wěn)定
breeze n.微風(fēng)
frost n.霜
seep v.滲漏
plummet v.驟然跌落
fine shadow n.細(xì)微的差別
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.頭骨
cranial adj.頭蓋的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.簡(jiǎn)潔的
furnace n.暖氣
mundane adj.
overlook v.源：考試大
閱讀詞組精選
on the right track——well on one's way
whales on the beach n.不呆在該呆的位置上
be engrossed in/be absorbed in/in absession with/concentrate on表全神貫注
urban crowding n.城市人口集中化
social stress n.社會(huì)壓力
pilot reclamation project n.試驗(yàn)性改造工程
be indulged in沉迷于
Geology
canal n.運(yùn)河
core n.地核
crater n火山口
crust n.地殼
cycle n.天體的循環(huán)
dam n.水壩
debris n.碎片，巖屑
deformation n.變形
diversity n.多樣性
edge n.邊緣，邊界
erosion n.腐蝕，侵蝕
eruption n.爆發(fā)，火山灰
former n.形成者，模型
frontier n.邊界，新開(kāi)發(fā)的地帶
funnel n.漏斗
glacier n.冰川
interval n.時(shí)間間隔
lodge n.小屋
mantle n.地幔
margin n.(湖，池等的)邊緣
offshore adj.海面上的，遠(yuǎn)離岸的
orbit n.軌道
range n.山脈，多山的地區(qū)
mountain range
mountain chain
knot n.山脈的交結(jié)點(diǎn)
summit，top，crest，peak n.山頂
ravine n.峽谷
canyon n.峽谷
gorge n.峽谷
crevice n.斷裂
precipice n.懸崖
cliff n.懸崖
receptacle n.接受器，容器，儲(chǔ)存器
remnant n.殘余物
ridge n.脊背
sediment n.沉淀物
slope n.斜坡
tectonics n.構(gòu)造學(xué)
topography n.地形學(xué)，地貌學(xué)
tunnel n.隧道，地道
apply v.應(yīng)用
cluster v.叢生，群聚
collide v.碰撞
compact v.壓緊，固結(jié)
concentrate v.集中
conduct v.傳導(dǎo)
demolish v.破壞，粉碎
diffuse v.傳播，擴(kuò)散
dispose v.處理，處置
distribute v.散布，分布
drill v.鉆孔，鉆通
eliminate v.排除
erode v.侵蝕
evaporate v.蒸發(fā)
extract v.開(kāi)采，提煉
hem v.給……鑲邊，包圍
hypothesize v.假設(shè)
insulate v.隔離
melt v.融化
impertinent adj.無(wú)關(guān)，魯莽，不相干
impenitent adj.不悔悟的n.不悔悟的人
nonchalant adj.冷淡的，滿不在乎的
immobile adj.靜止的n.穩(wěn)定
breeze n.微風(fēng)
frost n.霜
seep v.滲漏
plummet v.驟然跌落
fine shadow n.細(xì)微的差別
black gold n.石油
black diamond n.煤
as……go n.和……相比
skull n.頭骨
cranial adj.頭蓋的
earthquake n.地震
seismic adj.地震的
succint/concise/terse adj.簡(jiǎn)潔的
furnace n.暖氣
mundane adj.
ordinary
overlook v.
neglect
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