托福寫作五大解題技巧
對(duì)于托福寫作，大家在拿到題目的時(shí)候，如何能夠吃透題目，合理的布局好自己的作文呢?其實(shí)這是提高托福寫作分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵所在，也是難點(diǎn)所在。小編為大家整理了五點(diǎn)托福寫作解題的技巧，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)。
托福寫作五大解題技巧
仔細(xì)審題，分析提示句，明確三方面問(wèn)題
切題是寫好文章最重要的前提。有的考生抱怨，文章內(nèi)容豐富、語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)流暢，得分卻不高。其實(shí)，文章跑題是分?jǐn)?shù)偏低的主要原因。因此，審好題、審清題在很大程度上關(guān)系到整篇文章的成敗。審題，不僅要仔細(xì)研究題目，還要結(jié)合給出的提示句加以分析。首先要明確文章要寫的內(nèi)容，即文章要圍繞什么主題來(lái)寫，這是保證整篇文章切題的關(guān)鍵其次，確定文章所需的主語(yǔ)人稱，人稱混亂是中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的一個(gè)毛病，而在審題階段確定人稱是避免文章人稱混亂的有效途徑第三，注意文章對(duì)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣有無(wú)特殊要求。
圍繞提示句，構(gòu)建文章框架
草擬提綱時(shí)，要緊緊圍繞提示句，尤其是提示句的關(guān)鍵詞，盡量多地?cái)U(kuò)展提示句所提供的信息，從而基本構(gòu)筑出文章的框架。在擴(kuò)展提示句時(shí)，要注意，可以原封不動(dòng)地照抄提示句中的關(guān)鍵詞，但是絕對(duì)不要照搬提示句中的詞組和句子，一定要變換意思相同的表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換，這是顯示考生語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力的重要一環(huán)。為了避免段落內(nèi)容跑題，要從提示句中的關(guān)鍵詞出發(fā)，圍繞關(guān)鍵詞開拓思路，發(fā)揮聯(lián)想，記錄下所聯(lián)想到的東西：可以是句子，也可以是詞組可以是英語(yǔ)，也可以是漢語(yǔ)。然后對(duì)所記錄的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行篩選，選擇最有代表性的內(nèi)容草擬出文章的提綱。
依據(jù)所擬提綱，寫出全文主旨句及段落主題句
全文主旨句涵蓋全文的核心內(nèi)容，而段落主題句則是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落中心內(nèi)容的。段落主題句是為全文主旨句服務(wù)的。很多同學(xué)對(duì)全文主旨句缺乏，甚至無(wú)法區(qū)分全文主旨句和段落主題句。提出全文主旨時(shí)，應(yīng)注意下面的問(wèn)題：
旨通常是一個(gè)包含所寫的主旨要義，即中心思想的單一的陳述句
主旨對(duì)文章的展開加以限制
主旨不能用短語(yǔ)、從句、或疑問(wèn)句
主旨應(yīng)該明確具體，但主旨如果過(guò)于具體化就無(wú)法展開文章的寫作
同一個(gè)標(biāo)題可以有不同的主旨，所選主旨必須側(cè)重標(biāo)題的某一不同方面的內(nèi)容
主旨必須揭示的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。
為使大家更透徹地全文主旨句，請(qǐng)大家先仔細(xì)閱讀下列句子，判斷哪些句子是有效的主旨句，并說(shuō)明理由：
主旨過(guò)窄，無(wú)法展開來(lái)寫，是無(wú)效的主旨。
有效主旨，既不過(guò)于寬泛也不過(guò)于細(xì)節(jié)，留有繼續(xù)拓展的余地。
這句話話題過(guò)大，無(wú)法把握，用幾十萬(wàn)字的篇幅來(lái)敘述也未必說(shuō)得夠詳盡。作為主旨顯得過(guò)寬，比較含糊，不能讓讀者明白想寫什么，因而是無(wú)效主旨。
根據(jù)英美人的寫作習(xí)慣，全文主旨句在文章首段的最后一句出現(xiàn)為宜。全文主旨句和段落主題句是思維的起點(diǎn)，切題的準(zhǔn)繩。好的段落主題句，不但切題，便于圍繞主旨句進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，而又常常給讀者一種一針見血的感受?？吹蕉温渲黝}句，讀者應(yīng)大致段落要闡述的內(nèi)容，因而段落主題句通常是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)完整、內(nèi)容概括、用詞簡(jiǎn)潔、明了的單句。通常將段落主題句置于段落的開頭，可使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更清晰，說(shuō)服力更強(qiáng)。
參照提綱，緊扣主題句，完成段落
有了段落主題句后，還需要順著段落主題句的方向，參照提綱中的思路，從而完成各個(gè)段落。寫作段落時(shí)，要盡可能多地搜集細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支持主題。下面給考生呈上有關(guān)“電視對(duì)孩子不良影響”的引言段、各段主題句及結(jié)論部分，供大家欣賞參考：
檢查和修改
托福考試時(shí)間緊張，匆匆完稿之后，疏漏在所難免，因而有必要復(fù)查，修改，及時(shí)糾正偏差，堵塞漏洞，從而將作文質(zhì)量再提高一步。
托福寫作備考之替換詞匯
垃圾詞匯1:help
典型例句:I"ll help you .
替代語(yǔ) accomodate E.g: I"ll endeavour to accomodate you.
垃圾詞匯2: helpful
典型例句:Sth is helpful (to sb)
替代語(yǔ) conducive E.g Sth is conducive to sb
垃圾詞匯3:show
典型例句:as it shows in the picture
替代語(yǔ) betray
垃圾詞匯4:think
典型例句:i think …
替代語(yǔ)deem
垃圾詞匯5:ugly
典型例句:… is ugly
替代語(yǔ) hideous
垃圾詞匯6:by the way
典型例句:by the way,....
替代語(yǔ) incidentally,…
垃圾詞匯7: because
典型例句:… because …
替代語(yǔ) in that/in as much as
垃圾詞匯8: consider
典型例句: We must consider …
替代語(yǔ): allow for E.g : We must allow for …
垃圾詞匯9: much
典型例句: there has been a much increase in the world population
替代語(yǔ):there has been a drastic increase in the…
垃圾詞匯10: about
典型例句:it is about 250 times of that
替代語(yǔ) it is approximately …
垃圾詞匯11: buy
替代語(yǔ)purchase
托福寫作范文：經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)政府減少支出
托福獨(dú)立寫作題目：
In times of an economic crisis, in which area should governments reduce its spending? 1. Arts 2. Scientific research 3. Parks and public gardens.
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作范文參考:
During an economic crisis, governments face difficult choices of monetary allocation with reduced budgets. In this challenging time, it is of vital importance for policy-makers to recognize the effectiveness of policy-making on certain social services or programs such as arts, scientific research and park and public gardens. If a choice has to be made, in my opinion, the government should reduce its spending on arts.
To begin with, in times of an economic crisis, it is significant for policy-makers to recognize the necessity of investing in scientific research because it exerts a far-reaching effect. If the financial crisis leads to substantial cuts in funding for scientific research by governments, it will be difficult to muster investment for a public good, like clean air, or for extremely risky initiatives, such as novel approaches to new antibiotic drugs, or in areas where the outcome is uncertain. As a matter of fact, technological innovation, biomedical breakthroughs, and tackling pressing environmental issues all require sustained scientific development, from basic discovery to final application. Investing in research is investing in the future, and it requires a long-term commitment to the accumulation of knowledge, the testing of basic principles, and the translation of these discoveries into practical applications that impact everyday life. Consequently, governments ought to attach more importance to the scientific studies so as to develop world class research base and conduct crucial scientific projects.
Furthermore, funding for parks and public gardens provides an opportunity for people to engage in physical activities, which is considerably beneficial to health. Nowadays, due to the sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating diet, overweight and obesity are epidemic problems across the world, and related conditions are on the rise. A primary focus of attention is providing environment where people can be physically active. Parks offer such an opportunity. In addition, health studies have shown that people who do regular exercise get a range of benefits when they are in natural settings, like parks and public gardens. These benefits include reduced risk of premature death; reduced risk of heart disease, hypertension, cancer; improved maintenance of muscle strength; weight loss and favorable redistribution of body fat; improved physical functioning. Therefore, when governments allocate fiscal spending on parks such as well-designed and well-maintained paths as well as attractive scenery, people can substantially improve their health and quality of life by doing moderate amounts of physical activity in their daily lives.
Undeniably, if governments pay more attention to investment in art, people can enrich inner world as a diverse and productive cultural environment can provide the spirit and important intangible values. However, in times of crisis, people usually lay emphasis on basic needs instead of spiritual needs. As a result, the importance of material comforts outweighs that of nourishment for the mind and it does not mean that people’s quality of life will be dramatically affected if governments cut budget on art and provide less financial support on art institutions. In a sense, it will not directly influence people’s life at least in a short term because people rarely need to satisfy their aesthetic needs everyday. Therefore, compared with scientific research and park and public gardens, art is least associated with people’s daily life and it needs less concern.
From what has been discussed above, scientific studies serve the common interest of the entire human race and doing exercise in parks and public gardens constitutes an indispensable part of daily life. It is more applicable and reasonable to cut down spending on art in the times of an economic crisis.
托福寫作范文：中學(xué)生應(yīng)該在上大學(xué)前花時(shí)間工作旅行嗎
Students should spend at least one year working or travelling before they go to the university.
【題目大意】： 中學(xué)生是否應(yīng)該在上大學(xué)之前拿出至少一年去工作或旅行。主觀點(diǎn)可以同意，因?yàn)橐蛔寣W(xué)生放松，二可以讓學(xué)生學(xué)到新的技能。
題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Students should take at least a year to work or travel before beginning college.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: After high school, students should have at least one year to work or travel. It's better than attending university straight away.
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
2016年3月13日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文一(新東方 周徐敏)
The prevailing notion is that high school students are under huge pressure. Then appears a controversy whether students should have one year to engage in other things before they attend their university. After weighing the pros and cons, I am favor of the opinion that having a gap year can produce many benefits.
First off, students can benefit a lot from traveling. As everyone knows, to maintain strong competitiveness, high school students are required to accomplish a wide range of either required or optional curriculums at school and the rights to develop their own interests have been deprived relentlessly, which has proven to be a detriment of their growth. Instead of pursuing their bachelor degree without pause in the college, traveling can help them regain chances to cultivate and perfect their personalities and release pressure. For instance, many more college graduates are reported to be indifferent to the society and show no mercy on those in need, part of which owes a lot to the fact that schools lay more emphasis on cultivating students’ academic abilities and downplay the importance of developing their overall qualities. Traveling to those places in poverty can give students a sight of those impoverished families to call on the sense of responsibility. Besides, by paying a visit to some places of interest like the Great Wall or the pyramid in Egypt, students can approach the greatness of diverse culture. What’s more, the direct access to the natural world can appease students’ inner uproar. Accordingly, a gap year can be a great asset for high school graduates.
Secondly, by taking part-time jobs, not only can students accumulate sufficient social experience but also earn some money to reduce financial stress on their families. Though economy in China keeps growing at a rate of almost 9 percent in the recent, average citizens still suffer huge pressure especially when the slump of stock market took a heavy toll on them and the majority of stock investors withdrew their money and reinvest to the real estate, further increasing pressure on the ordinary because of the increasing prices of housing. For most families from small cities and rural areas, college tuition still appears to be a great burden on them and by taking part-time jobs, students can earn some wages to relieve financial pressure, such as serving as a restaurant attendant that enables students to better develop their communication techniques and learn more about how to meet the demands of consumers or working as a salesman that will be an entirely different experience from high schools and can lead to the cultivation of the ability of presenting customers the advantages of products. Obviously, a gap year means a lot to high school graduates.
Admittedly, there is another voice that high school students are supposed to start their campus life immediately after graduation from high schools. To be more specific, maintaining high-efficiency study can lead students to be better acclimated to their college life. Instead of going to college soon, a gap year may disrupt their study schedule and weaken their learning skills. It appears to be sensible, however; the ultimate goal of attending a university is to seek a decent job and gaining social experience in advance makes students more conscious of which kind of area they are more interested in in the near future such as the serving industry or high-tech fields.
In conclusion, high school graduates had better live a different life temporarily before they go to college. (582 words)
托福寫作五大解題技巧相關(guān)文章：
3.托福寫作模板思路:朋友學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題求助
托福寫作五大解題技巧
