托福閱讀中的絕對詞
為了幫助大家備考托福。提高閱讀成績，打有準備的仗，下面小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x中的絕對詞，希望大家喜歡。
托福閱讀中的絕對詞
在眾多口口相傳的做題技巧中，我想“絕對化表達不選”一定是出現(xiàn)頻率很高的一條。我不知道最早的想出這條規(guī)律的前輩他說的原話是什么，我只知道經(jīng)過這么多年的傳承，很多人都被忽悠了。
我先舉個栗子。
TPO當中有這么一道題，其中B選項里有個大大的best，很多人就在心里把這個選項槍斃了。是的，不湊巧，偏偏這就是正確答案。
Paragraph 1 indicates which of the following about ::Roman pottery::?
A Roman amphorae were of much higher quality overall than other Roman pottery.
B Roman pottery can _best_ be appreciated when actual pieces are handled.
C Roman pottery declined slightly in quality when the use of fast wheels and kilns was introduced.
D Roman practical tableware spread more rapidly across the Mediterranean than amphorae did.
The pottery of ancient Romans is remarkable in several ways. _The high quality of Roman pottery is very easy to appreciate when handling actual pieces of tableware or indeed kitchenware and amphorae (the large jars used throughout the Mediterranean for the transport and storage of liquids, such as wine and oil). However, it is impossible to do justice to Roman wares on the page, even when words can be backed up by photographs and drawing. _Most Roman pottery is light and smooth to touch and very tough, although, like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. It is generally made with carefully selected and purified clay, worked to thin-walled and standardized shapes on a fast wheel and fired in a kiln (pottery oven) capable of ensuring a consistent finish. With handmade pottery, inevitably there are slight differences between individual vessels of the same design and occasional minor blemishes (flaws). But what strikes the eye and the touch most immediately and most powerfully with Roman pottery is its consistent high quality.
這個題目相關(guān)的句子我已經(jīng)加粗標記了，這句話比較明顯的有一個邏輯連接詞however，所以對比的意思非常的明確。而四個選項里也有三個都表現(xiàn)了對比，而這三個選項在內(nèi)容上還都集中在標紅那一段。所以這個題目來勢洶洶其實一點都不難，錯誤選項迷惑度低，但讓人遺憾的是，這道題錯誤率很高。而且大多數(shù)學(xué)生是在這樣的一種情況下錯的：我知道我選的不太對，但我不知道選什么。但是大家又都堅定地認為B選項里面的BEST太過于絕對，堅決不選。
其實標記的句子寫得很清楚，……is very easy to appreciate……However, it is impossible to do……我先大致翻譯一下這句話：羅馬的瓷器的高品質(zhì)在你親手碰觸到實物的時候是很容易感受的，但是通過圖片就不可能做出公正的評價。這句話中兩者對比語氣很強烈，語意也很清楚，就是想表達羅馬瓷器你要把玩實物才能感受它的高品質(zhì)，就是handling actual pieces好，page不好。
B選項是很合適的。
對于這種大段落考查細節(jié)題的情況，同學(xué)們往往會緊張，越緊張越慌亂，什么都找不到。其實我們仔細分析一下這段話，第一句總起，說羅馬瓷器在很多方面都很出眾。然后就是一個大對比，表明它的好的好是圖片表現(xiàn)不了的，你得親手去感觸。再往下就是關(guān)于它如何好更細致的內(nèi)容了。在更細節(jié)的內(nèi)容里，還有一個對比，_like all pottery, it shatters if dropped on a hard surface. _這也就是第二題的答案出處。
其實ETS還是比較套路滴，第一段的后半部分中有大量關(guān)于羅馬瓷器的細節(jié)描述，這種情況下最容易出EXCEPT的題目，而第二題的答案句也不是意外的落在一個對比表達上。給大家附上第二題哈：
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as characteristics of Roman pottery EXCEPT:
A It was usually made with high-quality clay.
B It generally did not weigh much.
C It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery.
D It sometimes had imperfections.
我平時沒事兒的時候喜歡把TPO的文章拿出來細細地讀，然后跟題目進行對比，有些文章類型，題目簡直就是固定搭配。后來我再做真題或者新的TPO，我都先猜一猜這個段落會怎么出題，我也會直接通過看題目，直接猜答案，結(jié)果竟然八九不離十。不是在炫技，也不是教大家投機取巧，是覺得多多分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)對做題目幫助很大，所謂的題感大概就是這樣吧。
其實ETS還是比較套路滴，第一段的后半部分中有大量關(guān)于羅馬瓷器的細節(jié)描述，這種情況下最容易出EXCEPT的題目，而第二題的答案句也不是意外的落在一個對比表達上。給大家附上第二題哈：
All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 1 as characteristics of Roman pottery EXCEPT:
A It was usually made with high-quality clay.
B It generally did not weigh much.
C It did not break as easily as other ancient pottery.
D It sometimes had imperfections.
托福閱讀長難句100句：教學(xué)過程中的反思實踐
原文
This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.
翻譯
這是合理的，因為基于這樣的觀點：反思實踐可以幫助教師帶著更多思考去融入他們在教學(xué)中的角色和工作，并使他們能在教學(xué)法中處理科學(xué)事實的缺乏和知識的不確定。
詞匯講解
paucity /?p?s?ti/ n.少量，少許，少數(shù)
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分
This was justified (by the view) (that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.)
解析
修飾一：(bythe view)，介詞短語，修飾justified
中文：通過這個觀點
修飾二：(that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.)，超級無敵長的同位語從句，解釋view的內(nèi)容，在從句中還有一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)A and B
中文：反思實踐可以幫助教師帶著更多思考去融入他們在教學(xué)中的角色和工作，并使他們能在教學(xué)法中處理科學(xué)事實的缺乏和知識的不確定。
托福閱讀長難句100句：島上生物群落共生關(guān)系
原文
It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends up on the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very importantin island communities.
翻譯
在這些島上建立生物群落的最早的生物以共生方式存在是非常重要的，共生是一種依賴兩種或兩種以上的生物緊密合作而生存的現(xiàn)象，也是在島上生物群落非常重要的原則。
詞匯講解：
community n. 社區(qū)，團體，社會，(動植物的)群落
symbiosis /s?mba?'os?s/ n. 共生
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：
It is significant that the earliest living things (that built communities on these islands) are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon (that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life) and a principle (that is very important in island communities).
解析
修飾一：(that built communities on theseislands)，從句，修飾living things
中文：在這些島上建立生物群落
修飾二：(a phenomenon and a principle)，同位語，修飾symbiosis，注意這里的a phenomenon和a principle被從句隔開了，注意這里的斷句
修飾三：(that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life) ，從句，修飾a phenomenon
中文：依賴兩種或兩種以上的生物緊密合作
修飾四：(that is very important in island communities)從句，修飾aprinciple
中文：在島上生物群落非常重要
托福閱讀長難句100句：特殊時期的動物化石
原文：
At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.
參考翻譯：
曾經(jīng)存在于這些化石床中的動物被分配到各種現(xiàn)代動物群組中，但現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)古生物學(xué)家都同意：所有Tommotian的化石代表了出現(xiàn)在Cambrian時期早期并在這個時期末期前消失獨特的化石形式，在現(xiàn)代動物群組中沒有留下后代。
詞匯講解：
paleontologist /?pe?l??n?t?l?d ??st/ n. 古生物學(xué)家
descendant /d?'send(?)nt/ n. 子孫，后代
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：
At one time, the animals (present in these fossil beds) were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms (that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period), (leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)
解析：
修飾一：(present in these fossil beds)，形容詞短語，修飾animals，注意是放在后面哦
中文：存在于這些化石床中
修飾二：(that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period)，從句，修飾body forms
中文：出現(xiàn)在Cambrian時期早期，并在這個時期末期前消失
修飾三：(leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.)，非謂語動詞修飾前面的主干
中文：在現(xiàn)代動物群組中沒有留下后代
主干：most paleontologists now agree that，that后面整個賓語從句，從all到groups
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托福閱讀中的絕對詞
