人教版初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語是一門實(shí)用性極強(qiáng)的課程。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的人教版初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。
人教版初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況:
1.不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。例如:
C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換
1.將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本方法為:
①將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語;
?、谥^語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?ldquo;be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”,并通過be的變化來表達(dá)出不同的時(shí)態(tài);
?、壑鲃?dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞之后。(有時(shí)by短語可以省略)。
2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前;否定句是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not;特殊疑問句的語序?yàn)椋阂蓡栐~+一般疑問句。例如:
Where did they grow vegetables?(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
Where were vegetables grown ?
將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)特殊情況:
1.含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),有兩種方法:
①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語保持不變;
?、趯⒅苯淤e語變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。
2.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),要將短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體,其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。
3.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語,而賓語補(bǔ)足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意:省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。
4.不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為“to be +過去分詞”。
人教版初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):形容詞與副詞
1.形容詞的用法
(1)形容詞在句中作定語,表語,賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:
Our country is a beautiful country. (作定語)
The fish went bad. (作表語)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
(2)形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞放在名詞后面。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3)用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4)the+形容詞表示一類人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2.副詞的用法
(1)副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。
He studies very hard. (作狀語)
Life here is full of joy. (作定語)
When will you be back? (作表語)
副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類:
1)時(shí)間副詞
時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地點(diǎn)副詞
地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副詞
方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?”這類問題的,其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如:
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副詞
程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有:how, when, where, why等。例如:
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
人教版初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn):冠詞和數(shù)詞
一、冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。
A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。
1. 不定冠詞的用法
(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:
John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如:
A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every。例如:
Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
2.定冠詞用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如:
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如:
the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。
(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:
the Browns, the whites等。