小升初是孩子最重要的起步方向，我們需要關(guān)注怎樣的信息才能對孩子的未來有幫助呢?學(xué)習(xí)啦網(wǎng)小編告訴大家!

　　小升初英語英語學(xué)習(xí)：虛擬語氣

　　如果你看到下列的句子，你會認(rèn)為它們是正確的還是錯(cuò)的呢?

　　1.I wish I were a bird.

　　2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

　　也許你會說:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)該是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什么東東呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其實(shí)上面的句子都是一種稱為 Subjunctive 類型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的書譯為"假設(shè)語氣"，雖不很貼切;但在相當(dāng)大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點(diǎn)。Subjunctive Mood中文譯作"虛擬語氣"，似乎不及"假設(shè)語氣"那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義?；旧?，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現(xiàn)在(Subjunctive Present)和虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)兩種;但它們和時(shí)態(tài)(Tenses)上所指的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(Present Tense)和過去時(shí)態(tài)(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

　　一、虛擬現(xiàn)在(Subjunctive Present):

　　虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子，在任何時(shí)候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

　　1.1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Present): (右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I work ---- I work

　　you work ---- you work

　　he works ---- he work (注意到了嗎，是 work，不是 works)

　　she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)

　　it works ---- it work (同樣不是 it works 喔)

　　we work ---- we work

　　they work ---- they work

　　1.2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(Present Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)

　　you are working ---- you be working

　　he is working ---- he be working

　　she is working ---- she be working

　　it is working ---- it be working

　　we are working ---- we be working

　　they are woring ---- they be working

　　1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(Present Perfect):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I have worked ---- I have worked

　　you have worked ---- you have worked

　　he has worked ----- he have worked (用的還是have喔)

　　she has worked ---- she have worked

　　it has worked ---- it have worked

　　we have worked ---- we have worked

　　they have worked ---- they have worked

　　1.4 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(Present Perfect Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I have been working ---- I have been working

　　you have been working ---- you have been working

　　he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )

　　she has been working ---- she have been working

　　it has been working --- it have been working

　　we have been working ---- we have been working

　　they have been working ---- they have been working

　　談?wù)勌摂M語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(二)

　　二、虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)

　　虛擬過去的動詞無論在什么情況之下都要用過去復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：動詞 be，在虛擬過去中要用 were。

　　2.1 過去時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Past):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I worked ---- I worked

　　you worked ---- you worked

　　he worked ---- he worked

　　she worked ---- she worked

　　it worked ---- it worked

　　we worked ---- we worked

　　they worked ---- they worked

　　2.2 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(Past Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I was working ---- I were working (注意是 I were)

　　you were working ---- you were working

　　he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)

　　she was working ---- she were working

　　it was working ---- it were working

　　we were working ---- we were working

　　they were working ---- they were working

　　2.3 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I had worked ---- I had worked

　　you had worked ---- you had worked

　　he had worked ---- he had worked

　　she had worked ---- she had worked

　　it had worked ---- it had worked

　　we had worked ---- we had worked

　　they had worked ---- they had worked

　　(耶，全部都用 had ! )

　　2.4 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(Past Perfect Continuous):(右邊為虛擬語氣)

　　I had been working ---- I had been working

　　you had been working ---- you had been working

　　he had been working ---- he had been working

　　she had been working ---- she had been working

　　it had been working ---- it had been working

　　we had been working ---- we had been working

　　they had been working ---- they had been working

　　小升初英語巧學(xué)習(xí)，口訣匯總

　　be 的用法口訣

　　我用am，你用are，is連著他，她，它;

　　單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。

　　變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。

　　變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記。

　　疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。

　　時(shí)間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌

　　年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。

　　遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。

　　要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。

　　午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。

　　at也用在明分前，說“差”可要用上to，

　　說“過”只可使用past，多說多練牢牢記，

　　莫讓歲月空蹉跎。

　　記住f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)

　　妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌;

　　躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。

　　巧記48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)

　　單元音共十二，四二六前中后。

　　雙元音也好背，合口集中八個(gè)整。

　　輔音共計(jì)二十八，八對一清又七濁，

　　四個(gè)連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音，

　　有聲無氣濁輔音，發(fā)音特點(diǎn)應(yīng)掌握。

　　非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞

　　動詞后，不定式，want, hope和wish，

　　agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,

　　expect, pretend,且說兩位算在此，

　　要記牢，要記住，掌握它們靠自己。

　　后接動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語省略不定式符號“to”的一些常用特殊動詞

　　一些動詞要掌握，have, let和make,

　　此三動詞是使役，“注意”“觀察”“聽到”see，

　　還有feel和watch，使用它們要仔細(xì)，

　　后接“賓補(bǔ)”略去“to”，此點(diǎn)千萬要牢記

　　除此之外，還可以掌握“八字言”，

　　一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch

　　后只接動名詞做賓語的一些常用特殊動詞

　　特殊動詞接“動名”，使用它們要記清，

　　“放棄”“享受”可“后悔”，

　　“堅(jiān)持”“練習(xí)”必“完成”，

　　“延期”“避免”非“介意”

　　掌握它們今必行。

　　動名詞在句中的功能及其它

　　“動名”語法其功能，名詞特征有動、形，主賓表定都可作，“動名”、“現(xiàn)分”要認(rèn)清，“現(xiàn)分”不作“賓”和“主”，

　　動名作“狀”可不行。二詞皆可作定語，混為一談不允許，主謂關(guān)系視分詞，“動名”一詞無此義。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞形式及在句子中的作用(包括過去分詞的作用)：

　　現(xiàn)在分詞真好記，動詞后面ING。它的作用真不小，可以充當(dāng)定狀表。

　　還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，忘記此項(xiàng)不可以。

　　分詞做定語的位置及其它

　　“定分”位置有二條，詞前詞后定分曉。

　　單個(gè)分詞在詞前，有時(shí)此規(guī)有顛倒。

　　分詞短語在詞后，“定從”和它互對照。

　　“現(xiàn)分”動作進(jìn)行時(shí)，“過分”動作完成了。

　　(注：“定分”：做定語的分詞;“定從”：定語從句;“現(xiàn)分”：現(xiàn)在分詞;“過分”：過去分詞。)

　　分詞做狀語在句子中所表示的意義

　　分詞做狀語，概有七意義。“

　　時(shí)間”和“原因”，“結(jié)果”與“目的”。

　　“方式”加“伴隨”，“條件”常出席。

　　且談其主語，謂語頭前的*。

　　欲要記住它，必須常練習(xí)。(*指句子的主語)