什么是英語的后置定語的講解
后置定語是英語和漢語中不可或缺的重要語法內(nèi)容之一,而英語后置定語在構(gòu)成上比漢語后置定語要更加多樣化,下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的什么是英語的后置定語,歡迎閱讀。
什么是英語的后置定語
定語的位置一般有兩種:用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語,用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語。例:This is a very interesting book. 這是一本很有趣的書。一般情況下,修飾名詞或代詞的詞多放在被修飾詞之前,但在以下幾種情況下,修飾名詞或代詞的定語卻放在它們之后,這種定語我們稱之為后置定語。
英語后置定語的講解
一、形容詞作疑問詞的后置定語
修飾疑問詞what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how時,修飾語要后置。例如:
1)What important would you like to talk about?你將談?wù)撌裁粗亓康氖虑?
2)Who else will go with us?還有誰將和我們一起去?
3)Where new have they decided to visit?他們決定到哪些沒有去過的地方參觀?
二、形容詞作復(fù)合不定代詞的后置定語
當(dāng)被修飾詞為復(fù)合不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one時,修飾語常位于被修飾的不定代詞之后。例如:
1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告訴你。
2)Do you have anything else to say about it?關(guān)于這件事,你還有什么要說的嗎?
3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午,一位重要的人物將給學(xué)生們做一場有關(guān)當(dāng)前國際形勢的報告。
三、enough作后置定語
enough(a.)修飾名詞時既可以在名詞前,也可以在名詞后。例如:
1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我們沒有足夠的時間做該工作。
2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他們有足夠多的人手做這個實驗。
但enoush(odv.)修飾形容詞或副詞時,須位于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。例如:good enough (足夠好的),large enough(夠大的),fast enough(夠快),well enough(相當(dāng)好)。
四、部分副詞作后置定語
above(上方的),below(下面的),on(活動,進行,上演),out(外出),back(后面的),away(離開的)等修飾名詞時位于被修飾詞之后。例如:
1)The clouds above began to get thicker,上方的云開始密集起來。
2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.從山頂上我們可以看到下面的平原。
3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出總?cè)タ此麄儭?/p>
五、介詞短語作后置定語
the bird in the tree樹上的那只小鳥
the map on the wall墻上的地圖
the development of China中國的發(fā)展
the standard of living生活水平
the south side of the Changjiang river長江兩岸
the way to the hotel去旅館的路
the life in the future未來的生活
六、動詞不定式作后置定語
1.在某些名型結(jié)構(gòu)中可用動詞不定式作后置定語。例如:
1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。
2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的嬰兒。
3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他們吃苦在前,享受在后。
4)He is a nice man to work with.他是個好相處的人。
5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有許多事情要做。
6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有個重要人物來我們學(xué)校。
2.在某些名詞后可用動詞不定式作定語。例如:ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句:
1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干這項工作嗎?
2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我沒有勇氣告訴你那個秘密。
3)You have no right to do such a thing!你沒有做這樣的事的權(quán)利!
4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我將向你們表明我戒煙的決心。
3.動詞不定式有時可以代替一個定語從句和后置定語。例如:
(1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也許在未來的歲月中我們還會再見面。
(2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后來的講座中,她談到了她的美國之行。
(3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她開了一張要帶在路上用的物品清單。
另外,動詞不定式還可以和關(guān)系代詞which連用作定語:
1)She must have time in which to pack.她必須有時間收拾行李。
2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他還有一把防身用的左輪手槍。
3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫長夜可以用來學(xué)習(xí)。
七、分詞短語作后置定語
1.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。例如:
1)There is a lady asking to see you.有位女士要求見你。
2)The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁邊的是我表妹。
3)Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.這兒有一張地圖,告訴你怎樣去火車站。
2.過去分詞短語作后置定語。例如:
1)What did you think of the play put on by the students?你認為學(xué)生們上演的話劇怎么樣?
2)She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我們自己培養(yǎng)的護士。
3)What is the language spoken in svain?西班牙使用的是什么語言?
3.部分過去分詞也可以作后置定語。例如:
left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held, arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed, arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed,等等。例如:
1)Is there anybody injured?有人負傷嗎?
2)The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.剩余的錢不夠這么多人用的。
3)She liked all the courses offered.她對所開的課程都很喜歡。
4)The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的經(jīng)驗將我們很有價值。
八、定語從句作后置定語
1)The girl I saw told me to come back today.
2)This house, for which he paid $ 150,000,is now worth 00,000.這所房子他買時花了15萬美元,現(xiàn)在值30萬美元。
3)Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.星期天是假日,這一天人們不上班。 學(xué)習(xí)、理解和掌握英語后置定語,并能夠清楚地區(qū)分和使用各種后置定語的用法是十分重要的,對學(xué)習(xí)英語,理解英語文章
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