2017英語四級(jí)寫作技巧
2017年有哪些英語四級(jí)寫作技巧是我們需要學(xué)習(xí)的?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的2017英語四級(jí)寫作技巧，供大家參閱!
2017英語四級(jí)寫作技巧
[例1]
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on “The Advantages of Travel” based on the words and phrases given: advantages widen our knowledge, make friends, knowledge or geography, beautiful scenery, different lifestyle, customs and cultures, various foods, practice a foreign language, worth spending the time.
[范文]
The Advantages of Travel
Whenever a college student is asked “What are you going to do this summer vacation?”the most probable answer might be “I am going to have a trip.”It seems that college students are fond of traveling very much. Why?Because travel has numerous advantages. First of all,travel can widen our knowledge of geography,the knowledge of different customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is the best way of spending time. We can enjoy eating various local foods and seeing beautiful scenery.In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time.
作者在第一段中就用上了關(guān)鍵詞travel和advantage，并很巧妙地利用Because travel has numerous advantages這樣的承上啟下的句子來引出下文關(guān)于旅游的種種好處。最后又把關(guān)鍵詞用在了文章的結(jié)尾處，強(qiáng)化了主題，不失為畫龍點(diǎn)睛之筆。
[例2]
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on“The Helpful Features of Textbooks” based on the following words given: textbooks, school, levels, kids, purpose, learn, therefore, features,information, contentsts,page, understand, divide, sections, finally, alphabetical, mast, help, quickly, efficiently.
[范文]
The Helpful Features of TextbooksTextbooks are books that students use in schools. Students at all levels and in all kinds s of schools use textbooks. They have certain features in common—features that can help students find and understand the information in them. All textbooks have tables of contents at the beginning. The tables of contents list the chapter titles, the parts of the chapters,and the page numbers of the parts. These sections are divided again into smaller parts with headings and sub?headings. Finally, most textbooks have an index at the
back of the book. The index lists all the topics in the book in alphabetical order, and gives their page numbers.These are the features of most textbooks, which help students find and understand the information in textbooks quickly and efficiently. 文章一開頭用定義法給教材下了個(gè)定義。接下來具體說明教材的主要特征。最后一段與第一段相呼應(yīng)，并重復(fù)和強(qiáng)調(diào)了幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞中的關(guān)鍵詞，比如textbooks，information等。 寫作中的問題及應(yīng)對(duì)策略
2017英語四級(jí)寫作方法
(一)存在問題
1、不會(huì)寫
所謂不會(huì)寫指的是，當(dāng)考試拿過一篇文章不知如何下手，不知如何提筆進(jìn)行寫作。主要是存在以下兩個(gè)原因：一是考生的確無話可說;二是心里雖然有話，但是拿捏不準(zhǔn)該寫哪句為妙。于是思前想后、猶豫不決，始終不敢提筆進(jìn)行寫作。
2、寫不好
所謂寫不好就是，拿過作文題，沒有明確的寫作思路，不按套路出牌;或是簡(jiǎn)單漢語邏輯思維寫作，不符合英語寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，近而沒有文采。原因在于：第一是平時(shí)沒有養(yǎng)成良好的寫作習(xí)慣;第二對(duì)于英語寫作的句式特點(diǎn)以及整體文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架不了解。
(二)解決辦法
第一，首先必須熟悉
英語四級(jí)寫作具體要求。英語四級(jí)考試要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出120字的文章。體裁主要有議論文(分為“Topic題型”和A&B又稱“正反觀點(diǎn)題”)應(yīng)用文(主要是書信)、圖表文等。針對(duì)不同的體裁，寫作思路是不同的。比如，以議論文舉例來說：
1、議論文寫作思路
2、議論文分類：闡述主題型作文(Topic);正反觀點(diǎn)型作文(A&B)
3、闡述主題型作文寫作：(這類題型作文要求從一句話或一個(gè)主題出發(fā)，按照提綱的要求進(jìn)行論述)
(1)基本寫作格式
熟悉英語寫作的幾個(gè)重要概念。
1.英語文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
英語文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)一般有三部分構(gòu)成：主題句+擴(kuò)展句+結(jié)尾句
(1)主題句：所謂主題句，就是英語文章段落的中心思想句。它是英語文章段落的靈魂，在英語文章段落中居于主導(dǎo)地位。我們都知道英語文章一般喜歡開門見山，所以主題句一般位于英語文章段落的句首。其他句子都要圍繞它而展開。
(2)擴(kuò)展句：所謂擴(kuò)展句就是為主題句起解釋說明或論證
的句子。通常我們寫擴(kuò)展句所采用的方法是舉例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that---)、列數(shù)據(jù)(according to the recent study/survey,---)等。
(3)結(jié)尾句：所謂結(jié)尾句就是總結(jié)句。英語寫作也類似于漢語寫作，最后再把自己本段落的寫作目的陳述一下。但是在英語寫作中結(jié)尾句畢竟還是少數(shù)。
因此我們通?？吹接⒄Z的文章段落結(jié)構(gòu) 60%-70%都是由主題句+擴(kuò)展句構(gòu)成。
2、主旨句
作為主旨句就是英語文章的中心思想句。英語文章一般首先用一句話概括一下作者的寫作目的或意圖，我們就把這句話稱之為主旨句。沒有受過寫作訓(xùn)練的考生是不會(huì)寫主旨句的。因此這樣的文章就不能夠稱之為好的英語文章，自然也得不到閱卷人的青睞了。
第三，學(xué)會(huì)遣詞造句
1.遣詞：
(1)詞匯等級(jí)
所謂詞匯的等級(jí)就是，我們?cè)趯懽鞯倪^程中，如果想出一個(gè)基本詞匯來之后，能夠在這個(gè)基本詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上把它在提升一下，也就是我們一般寫作所提倡的用“難詞”。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學(xué)首先會(huì)想到“important”這個(gè)單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：
significant, vital, main, crucial, momentous etc
(2)詞匯準(zhǔn)確性
所謂詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性是指，我們?cè)谟幸粋€(gè)詞近而想到它的同義詞之后，要結(jié)合語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~。在這里必須指明的是，并不是詞匯等級(jí)越高越好，必須還要考慮到適合于不同的語境。比如，眼睛大，這個(gè)“大的”形容詞，我們首先會(huì)想到big,近而想到great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc。那么是不是用后面的詞就可以了呢?或者說用上enormous等詞更能博得閱卷人的好感呢?答案是否定的。在這里很明顯用后面的詞來修飾眼睛是不可以，只能用big，因?yàn)槲覀兟犨^一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big big world.”big表示眼睛大而迷人可愛的。
2.造句：
(1)詞組
同學(xué)們平時(shí)寫作不太擅長(zhǎng)用詞組，最習(xí)慣的就是想到漢語，然后對(duì)應(yīng)漢語思維寫出英語句子，這種寫作只能是單詞的羅列組合，談不上什么技巧文采可言，因此，寫出來的文章必然就是所謂平淡如流水，沒有英語的味道。如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會(huì)顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個(gè)單詞，當(dāng)我們想到important的時(shí)候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會(huì)想到“be of importance”。因?yàn)椋?/p>
語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學(xué)過一個(gè)常用的詞組叫做“play an important role in---”。很多同學(xué)說自己的文章湊不夠字?jǐn)?shù)或是沒有文采，那么采用詞組進(jìn)行寫作是不是就可以解決以上問題了呢?
(2)句式
除了采用詞組，要使文章更具英語的味道，我們還需要變換句式。沒有受過正規(guī)作文訓(xùn)練的考生，通常采用的句式多為主謂賓、主系表。于是我們看到大多數(shù)的文章充斥著這樣的形式：I am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in XXX University, and I have three years experience in XXX Hotel.這樣流水帳式的文章顯然不能得到高分。
寫作中閱卷人喜歡的句式有以下兩種：一是插入語;二是倒裝。
第一，插入語。
所謂插入語，英語中有兩種形式。一種是有兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間引起的成分稱之為插入語;第二種是有兩個(gè)半破折號(hào)引起的成分稱之為插入語。如下所示(黑體劃線處)：
Kunming, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city.
Other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
插入語的作用主要有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是突出主語，比如說：He, who would like to play basketball, is a good student.
第二個(gè)作用是解釋說明，比如說：People, especially students, should work hard.
第二，倒裝
倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：
Only + 時(shí)間狀語
Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
Only + 介詞詞組
Only by planning his time care fully can he improve efficiency and make achievements.
Only in this way can we master the writing skills step by steps.
否定詞位于句首(hardly when; never; not only---,but also---; seldom)
在我一生當(dāng)中很難遇到這樣的人
Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man. 地點(diǎn)方位名詞位于句首
In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.
(3)修辭
無論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實(shí)非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。英語寫作中的修辭問題有篇文章(見《英語寫作幾種修辭手法》)。如：比喻修辭手法，還是拿“重要的”來舉例。當(dāng)你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比如句子，則文章就會(huì)顯得神采飛揚(yáng)，試比較：
The bicycle is important for us.
The bicycle is of importance for us.
The bicycle plays an important role in our life.
The bicycle, environmental friendliness vehicle, plays an important role in our life.
The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life.
那么很明顯，最后一個(gè)句子是我們最終拿到考場(chǎng)上去搏擊高分的句子。
第四，平時(shí)要注意積累
同學(xué)們?yōu)榱藢懞米魑囊沧髁撕枚喙ぷ?，課下也付出了很多，包括背誦大量的文章等等，但是提筆寫作時(shí)候，仍不見的有所改觀。問題在哪里呢?
很多考生雖然也背誦文章，但卻只是死記硬背。如果合上書本讓他復(fù)述，他們就會(huì)卡殼。就是茶壺里煮餃子，倒不出來。我們說背誦是個(gè)輸入的過程，而說和寫則是輸出的過程。我們真正需要的是把平時(shí)積累的隨時(shí)隨地用在我們的寫作中。因此，我們?cè)谧⒅胤e累的同時(shí)，一定在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候，把他們多家運(yùn)用。只有多練多用，才能真正達(dá)到學(xué)以致用，才能真正提高寫作水平。
2017英語四級(jí)寫作訣竅
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作題型根據(jù)教育部頒布的大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱的要求，大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試的命題形式有以下幾種：首尾句作文、提綱作文、圖表作文、命題作文、書信體作文等。首尾句作文是根據(jù)段首(尾)句續(xù)寫短文。段首句作文也稱主題句作文，因?yàn)樽魑念}中所給的段首句往往是段落主題句。其特點(diǎn)是以題目為中心，一般情況下將文章分為三個(gè)段落，每段首句即為該段的主題句(topic sentences)?？忌粗黝}句的要求組織材料，提出論據(jù)，用一些輔助句(supporting sentences)來支持或說明主題句，寫英文段首句作文要注意：所寫的內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，輔助句應(yīng)圍繞段首句續(xù)寫。保證段內(nèi)每個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容與段首句緊密展開各個(gè)段落，如：例證、因果、定義、比較對(duì)比、程序等。要注意句與句之間，特別是段首句與輔助句之間的自然銜接。另外，所給的段首句有時(shí)是一個(gè)完整的句子，有時(shí)不是一個(gè)完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，這就要求我們一定要審好題。找出其中表示中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞，圍繞這些關(guān)鍵詞去擴(kuò)展、描述或說明。
[例1]Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each
paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
[范文]
Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials, writers, scientists, doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others. They share comforts and hardships with each other.
In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
第一段首句是講婦女在社會(huì)上的作用，因而續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容
緊緊圍繞婦女的社會(huì)作用，比如，婦女可以是政府機(jī)關(guān)的工作人員、科學(xué)家、教師等;第二句的段首句是關(guān)于婦女在家庭中的地位也提高了，續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容也是有關(guān)夫妻患難與共;第三句的段首句是講婦女解放仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)，續(xù)寫的部分提出了婦女所面臨的問題，整個(gè)續(xù)寫的部分緊扣段首句。 [例2]Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:
1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.
2. If there were no electric power,...
3. Therefore,...
[范文]
What Would Happen If There Were No Power
Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.
If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And all
the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.
Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.
第一段的段首句是講電已經(jīng)成為人們現(xiàn)代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下來的續(xù)寫部分應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果沒有電的假設(shè)，下面列出沒有電將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的麻煩。最后一段指出我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用電，開拓更多的電力資源。
關(guān)鍵詞作文是根據(jù)作文題目以及所給出的關(guān)鍵詞寫短文。關(guān)鍵詞的數(shù)目由幾個(gè)到十幾個(gè)不等。寫這種題型的作文，要特別注意關(guān)鍵詞的作用。關(guān)鍵詞是短文內(nèi)容發(fā)展的“路標(biāo)”，在作文思路和寫作內(nèi)容上起著決定乾坤的作用。因此，寫出的文章要把所給的這些關(guān)鍵詞都用上，可以一句中用上幾個(gè)詞，也可以幾句中用上一個(gè)詞，只要能做到恰到好處即可。而且，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)所給關(guān)鍵詞的語義群分段。如果所給的關(guān)鍵詞可以分為三組，那么，短文就可以寫成三段。如果給出的關(guān)鍵詞是兩組，短文就可以寫為兩段。再者，要把給出的關(guān)鍵詞用在刀刃上，即各段的主題句以及結(jié)尾的主題句都應(yīng)該有關(guān)鍵詞。
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