托福閱讀否定前綴辨析
為了幫助大家備考托福。提高閱讀成績，打有準備的仗，下面小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x否定前綴辨析，希望大家喜歡。
托福閱讀否定前綴辨析
英語否定的前綴主要有a- ab- anti- counter- de- dis- il- im- in- ir- mal- mis- non- un- 等。
a-ab-主要加在形容詞動詞前，例如atypical非典型性的，abnormal非正常的;abuse濫用、錯誤使用、虐待;
anti-加在名詞、形容詞前邊。最常見的是anti-Japanese抗日戰(zhàn)爭、anti-social厭惡社會的 反社會的、antidite解毒的藥;
counter-加在名詞、動詞前，例如：counterstrike反擊、counteract抵抗阻礙、counterrevolution反革命。
de-加在名詞、形容詞前，常見的例詞有decrease減少，deteriorate惡化，demobilize遣散 使…復(fù)員、decolor 脫色 漂白;
dis-主要加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前，dis-為否定前綴的詞有：disadvantage缺點、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意、disappear消失、disarm解除武裝、disconnect失去聯(lián)系
il-主要加在以1開頭的單詞的前邊，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合邏輯的;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前，這樣的詞有impossible不可能的、impolite不禮貌的
in-常加在形容詞，名詞之前，如incorrect不正確的、inability無能 無力、inaccurate不準確的等;
ir-放在以r開頭的英語單詞前面，比如：irregular不穩(wěn)定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解決的;
mal-主要加在形容詞名詞之前，例如malfunction功能紊亂，malicious惡意的;
mis-加在動詞、名詞前，例詞misunderstand誤解、misjudge誤判、misleading誤導(dǎo)、misfortune不幸;
non-加在形容詞、名詞前，這樣以non-為否定前綴的詞有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非電的;
un-主要放于名詞，形容詞，副詞前面，常見的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted無疑的、unemployment失業(yè)。
托福閱讀材料：新型厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象
The research is published online in the journal Nature Geoscience(地球科學(xué)). El Nino is a periodic(周期的)warming in the eastern tropical Pacific that occurs along the coast of South America. Recently, scientists have noticed that El Nino warming is stronger in the Central Pacific rather than the Eastern Pacific, a phenomenon known as El Nino Modoki (Modoki is a Japanese term for "similar, but different").
Last year, the journal Nature published a paper that found climate change is behind this shift from El Nino to El Nino Modoki. While the findings of that paper are still being debated, this latest paper in Nature Geoscience presents evidence that El Nino Modoki drives a climate pattern known as the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO).
"We've found that El Nino Modoki is responsible for changes in the NPGO,"said Emanuele Di Lorenzo, associate professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. "The reason this is important is because the NPGO has significant effects on fish stocks(魚類)and ocean nutrient distributions(海洋營養(yǎng)分布)in the Pacific, especially along the west coast of the United States."
The NPGO, first named two years ago by Di Lorenzo and colleagues in a paper in Geophysical Research Letters, explained for the first time long-term changes in ocean circulation of the North Pacific, which scientists now link to an increasing number of dramatic transitions in coastal marine(沿海海域)ecosystems.
"The ecosystems of the Pacific may very well become more sensitive to the NPGO in the future," said Di Lorenzo. "Our data show that this NPGO is definitively linked to El Nino Modoki, so as Modoki becomes more frequent in the central tropical Pacific, the NPGO will also intensify(增強)."
Vocabulary：
Geoscience：n. 地球科學(xué)
environmental geoscience 環(huán)境地學(xué)
South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
南太平洋應(yīng)用地球科學(xué)委員會(南太地科委)
Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia
東亞和東南亞沿海和近海地球科學(xué)方案協(xié)調(diào)委員
Periodic：a.周期的，定期的，時而發(fā)生的
The quality or state of being periodic; recurrence at regular intervals.
周期性周期出現(xiàn)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài); 以固定的間隔而發(fā)生
A column in the periodic table of the elements.
屬，族元素周期表上的一欄
Ecosystems：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
Aquatic ecosystems share a number of basic structural and functional characteristics with terrestrial ecosystems.
水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和機能,在許多基本特征方面同陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一樣。
Temperate forest ecosystems occupy a position of prominence among all ecosystems.
溫帶森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在所有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中占有優(yōu)勢地位。
托福閱讀材料：不要出賣靈魂
My fellow job seekers: I am honored to be among the first to congratulate you on completing your years at North Carolina A&T. But all of you should know: as Mother's Daygifts go, this one is going to be tough to beat in the years ahead.
The purpose of a commencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. But the older I get, the more I realize that the most important wisdom I've learned in life has come from my mother and my father. Before we go any further, let's hear it one more time for your mothers and mother figures, fathers and father figures, family, and friends in the audience today.
When I first received the invitation to speak here, I was the CEO of an billion Fortune 11 company with 145,000 employees in 178 countries around the world. I held that job for nearly six years. It was also a company that hired its fair share of graduates from North Carolina A&T. You could always tell who they were. For some reason, they were the ones that had stickers on their desks that read, "Beat the Eagles."
But as you may have heard, I don't have that job anymore. After the news of my departure broke, I called the school, and asked: do you still want me to come and be your commencement speaker?
Chancellor Renick put my fears to rest. He said, "Carly, if anything, you probably have more in common with these students now than you did before." And he's right. After all, I've been working on my resume. I've been lining up my references. I bought a new interview suit. If there are any recruiters here, I'll be free around 11.
I want to thank you for having me anyway. This is the first public appearance I've made since I left HP. I wanted very much to be here because this school has always been set apart by something that I've believed very deeply; something that takes me back to the earliest memories I have in life.
One day at church, my mother gave me a small coaster with a saying on it. During my entire childhood, I kept this saying in front of me on a small desk in my room. In fact, I can still show you that coaster today. It says: "What you are is God's gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God."
Those words have had a huge impact on me to this day. What this school and I believe in very deeply is that when we think about our lives, we shouldn't be limited by other people's stereotypes or bigotry. Instead, we should be motivated by our own sense of possibility. We should be motivated by our own sense of accomplishment. We should be motivated by what we believe we can become. Jesse Jackson has taught us; Ronald McNair taught us; the Greensboro Four taught us; that the people who focus on possibilities achieve much more in life than people who focus on limitations.
The question for all of you today is: how will you define what you make of yourself?
To me, what you make of yourself is actually two questions. There's the "you" that people see on the outside. And that's how most people will judge you, because it's all they can see what you become in life, whether you were made President of this, or CEO of that, the visible you.
But then, there's the invisible you, the "you" on the inside. That's the person that only you and God can see. For 25 years, when people have asked me for career advice, what I always tell them is don't give up what you have inside. Never sell your soul. Because no one can ever pay you back.
What I mean by not selling your soul is don't be someone you're not, don't be less than you are, don't give up what you believe, because whatever the consequences that may seem scary or bad -- whatever the consequences of staying true to yourself are -- they are much better than the consequences of selling your soul.
托福閱讀材料：世界上最小國家正在出售
Scientists have determined it's not advisable to hurry marriage. Get the scoop on the best age to be wed.
許多普通人都曾有過成為一國元首一國之君的夢想，如今購買一個世界上最小的國家就能圓夢。
For sale: the world's smallest country with its own flag, stamps, currency and passports.
待售：世界上最小的國家，含該國國旗、郵票、貨幣以及護照。
Apply to prince michael of sealand if you want to run your own nation, even if it is just a wartime fort perched on two concrete towers in the north sea.
如果你想治理一個屬于自己的國家，且不計較它僅僅是由北海中兩座混凝土塔樓組成的一個戰(zhàn)時城堡，那就去向西蘭公國的邁克爾王子申請吧。
Built in world war Two as an anti-aircraft base to repel german bombers, the derelict plat-form was taken over 40 years ago by retired army major Paddy Roy Bates who went to live there withhis family.
該城堡建于二戰(zhàn)期間，是個用于抵御德國轟炸機的防空基地。40年前，退休少校帕迪·羅伊·貝茨帶著家人住到這里，接管了這個已廢棄的高臺。
He declared the platform, perched seven miles off the east coast of england and just outside britain's territorial waters, to be the principality of sealand.
他將這個距英國東海岸七英里、恰在英國領(lǐng)海外的高臺宣布為西蘭公國。
The self-styled prince Roy adopted a flag, chose a national anthem and minted silver and gold coins.
這位自封的羅伊王子選定了國旗、國歌還鑄造了西蘭銀幣和金幣。
The family saw off attempts by Britain's Royal Navy to evict them and also an attempt in 1978 by a group of german and dutch businessmen to seize sealand by force.
英國皇家海軍曾試圖驅(qū)逐他們，1978年還有一隊德國和荷蘭商人試圖用武力奪取西蘭.他們最終都被這家人趕了出去。
Roy, 85, now lives in Spain and his son Michael told BBC Radio his family had been approached by estate agents with clients "who wanted a bit more than a bit of real estate, they wanted autonomy."
羅伊現(xiàn)已85歲，住在西班牙。他的兒子邁克爾對英國廣播公司電臺說，一些客戶已通過房地產(chǎn)中介與他們家取得了聯(lián)系，“這些人想要的不只是一處房產(chǎn)，還有自治權(quán)?！?/p>
Notes:
fort :堡壘
mint [mint] n. 薄荷;造幣廠，巨款
vt. 鑄造，鑄幣
Royal Navy : 皇家海軍
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